Absorption enhancers for nasal drug delivery

This paper describes the basic concepts for the transmucosal delivery of drugs, and in particular the use of the nasal route for delivery of challenging drugs such as polar low-molecular-weight drugs and peptides and proteins. Strategies for the exploitation of absorption enhancers for the improveme...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inClinical pharmacokinetics Vol. 42; no. 13; pp. 1107 - 1128
Main Authors DAVIS, Stanley S, ILIUM, Lisbeth
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Auckland Adis international 01.01.2003
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc
Subjects
Absorption
Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic - adverse effects
Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic - chemistry
Administration, Intranasal
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Clinical Trials as Topic
Drug Design
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
General pharmacology
Humans
Medical sciences
Peptides - administration & dosage
Pharmaceutical Preparations - administration & dosage
Pharmaceutical Preparations - chemistry
Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Proteins - administration & dosage
Vaccines - administration & dosage
Vaccines - chemistry
Drug
Pharmaceutical technology
Peptides
Toxicity
Phospholipid
Cationic polymerization
Vaccine
Intranasal administration
Preparation agent
Review
Powder
Improvement
Cyclodextrin
Absorption
Formulation
Transmucosal administration
Chitosan
Bibliographic review
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Summary:This paper describes the basic concepts for the transmucosal delivery of drugs, and in particular the use of the nasal route for delivery of challenging drugs such as polar low-molecular-weight drugs and peptides and proteins. Strategies for the exploitation of absorption enhancers for the improvement of nasal delivery are discussed, including consideration of mechanisms of action and the correlation between toxic effect and absorption enhancement. Selected enhancer systems, such as cyclodextrins, phospholipids, bioadhesive powder systems and chitosan, are discussed in detail. Examples of the use of these enhancers in preclinical and clinical studies are given. Methods for assessing irritancy and damage to the nasal membrane from the use of absorption enhancers are also described. Finally, the mucosal use of absorption enhancers (chitosan) for the improved nasal delivery of vaccines is reported with reference to recent phase I/II clinical studies.
ISSN:0312-5963
1179-1926
DOI:10.2165/00003088-200342130-00003