Micropore closure time is longer following microneedle application to skin of color

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 18963
• Main Authors: Ogunjimi, Abayomi T., Carr, Jamie, Lawson, Christine, Ferguson, Nkanyezi, Brogden, Nicole K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 03.11.2020; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/154/152; 692/308; 692/700; Administration, Cutaneous; Asian people; Colorimetry; Demographics; Dielectric Spectroscopy; Drug delivery; Drug Delivery Systems; Drugs; Human subjects; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Impedance; Microinjections - methods; Minority & ethnic groups; multidisciplinary; Patients; Product development; Racial Groups; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Skin; Skin - metabolism; Transdermal medication; Vaccines
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75246-8

Microneedles (MNs) allow transdermal delivery of skin-impermeable drugs by creating transient epidermal micropores, and micropore lifetime directly affects drug diffusion timeframes. Healthy subjects (n = 111) completed the study, self-identifying as Asian (n = 32), Bi-/multi-racial (n = 10), Black (n = 22), White (n = 23), Latino (n = 23), and Native American/Hawaiian (n = 1). L* was measured with tristimulus colorimetry to objectively describe skin lightness/darkness. MNs were applied to the upper arm; impedance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at baseline and post-MN to confirm micropore formation. Impedance was repeated for 4 days to determine micropore lifetime. Post-MN changes in TEWL and impedance were significant in all groups ( p  < 0.05), confirming micropore formation regardless of skin type. Micropore lifetime was significantly longer in Blacks (66.5 ± 19.5 h) versus Asians (44.1 ± 14.0 h), Bi-/multi-racial (48.0 ± 16.0 h), and Whites (50.2 ± 2.6 h). Latinos (61.1 ± 16.1 h) had significantly longer micropore closure time versus Asians (44.1 ± 14.0 h). When categorizing data according to L*, micropore lifetime was significantly longer in darker skin. We report for the first time that micropore lifetime differences are present in human subjects of different ethnic/racial backgrounds, with longer micropore lifetime in skin of color. These results also suggest that objectively measured skin color is a better predictor of micropore lifetime than self-identified race/ethnicity.