An event-coding account of attitudes

• Published in: Psychonomic bulletin & review Vol. 28; no. 6; pp. 2057 - 2063
• Main Authors: Hommel, Bernhard, Stevenson, Niek
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.12.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Attitude; Attitudes; Behavioral Science and Psychology; Brief Report; Cognition & reasoning; Cognitive Psychology; Emotions; Experiments; Humans; Intelligence tests; Photic Stimulation; Psychology; Stereotypes; Attitudes; Opinion; Theory of event coding; Social cognition
• ISSN: 1069-9384; 1531-5320
• DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01969-y

Attitudes (or opinions, preferences, biases, stereotypes) can be considered bindings of the perceptual features of the attitudes’ object to affective codes with positive or negative connotations, which effectively renders them “event files” in terms of the Theory of Event Coding. We tested a particularly interesting implication of this theoretical account: that affective codes might “migrate” from one event file to another (i.e., effectively function as a component of one while actually being part of another), if the two files overlap in terms of other features. We tested this feature-migration hypothesis by having participants categorize pictures of fictitious outer space characters as members of two fictitious races by pressing a left or right key, and to categorize positive and negative pictures of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) as positive and negative by using the same two keys. When the outer space characters were later rated for likability, members of the race that was categorized by means of the same key as positive IAPS pictures were liked significantly more than members of the race that was categorized with the same key as negative IAPS pictures – suggesting that affective feature codes from the event files for the IAPS pictures effectively acted as an ingredient of event files for the outer space characters that shared the same key. These findings were fully replicated in a second experiment in which the two races were replaced by two unfamiliar fonts. These outcomes are consistent with the claim that attitudes, opinions, and preferences are represented in terms of event files and created by feature binding.