Anticholinergic drug-induced delirium in an elderly alzheimer's dementia patient

• Published in: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics Vol. 44; pp. 199 - 206
• Main Authors: Gareri, P, De Fazio, P, Cotroneo, A, Lacava, R, Gallelli, L, De Fazio, S, De Sarro, G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ireland Ltd 2007
• Subjects: Acute Disease; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer dementia; Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy; Amitriptyline - therapeutic use; Anticholinergics; Antipsychotic Agents - therapeutic use; Cholinergic Antagonists - adverse effects; confusion assessment method; Cytochromes; Delirium - chemically induced; Delirium in elderly; Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy; Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology; Drug Therapy, Combination; GABA Modulators - therapeutic use; Galantamine; Haloperidol; Haloperidol - therapeutic use; Humans; Internal Medicine; Lorazepam - therapeutic use; Male; Orphenadrine - therapeutic use; Quetiapine; Anticholinergics; Galantamine; confusion assessment method; Cytochromes; Delirium in elderly; Haloperidol; Alzheimer dementia; Quetiapine
• ISSN: 0167-4943; 1872-6976
• DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2007.01.027

Abstract Drug-induced delirium is a common matter in the elderly and anticholinergics, together with a number of different drugs, may significantly contribute to the delirium onset, especially in demented people. We report a case of a probable anticholinergic drug-induced delirium in an elderly patient. An 80-year-old man with Alzheimer's dementia presented with wandering, depressed mood with crying, somatic worries, anedonism and suicide recurrent ideas. A first external psychiatric assessment led to the diagnosis of melancholic depression and therapy with haloperidol 2 mg/day, orphenadrine 100 mg daily, amitriptyline 40 mg/day, lorazepam 2 mg/day was started. Two weeks later patient suddenly developed delirium, characterized by nocturnal agitation, severe insomnia, daytime sedation, confusion, hallucinations and persecutory delusions. These symptoms progressively worsened, with the consequent caregiver's stress. A geriatric consultation axcluded the main causes of delirium, therefore both Operative Units of Pharmacovigilance and Psychiatry were activated, for a clinical pharmacological and psychiatric assessment. Haloperidol, amitriptyline and orphenadrine were promptly dismissed. The patient began a treatment with quetiapine 25 mg/day for two days, then twice a day, and infusion of saline 1000 ml/day for two days; psychiatric symptoms gradually diminished and therapy with galantamine was begun. We postulate that this clinical report is suggestive for an anticholinergic drug- induced delirium since the Naranjo probability scale indicated a probable relationship between delirium and drug therapy. In conclusion, a complete geriatric, pharmacological, and psychiatric evaluation might be necessary in order to reduce the adverse drug reactions in older patients treated with many drugs.