High Prescription Drug Use and Associated Costs among Medicaid-Eligible Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Identified by a Population-Based Surveillance Network

• Published in: Annals of epidemiology Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 1 - 8
• Main Authors: Logan, Sarah L., MS, Nicholas, Joyce S., PhD, Carpenter, Laura A., PhD, King, Lydia B., PhD, Garrett-Mayer, Elizabeth, PhD, Charles, Jane M., MD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 2012
• Subjects: Adolescent; Autism; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - drug therapy; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - epidemiology; Female; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Medicaid; Population Surveillance; Prescription Drugs - economics; Prescription Drugs - therapeutic use; Psychotropic Medication; Public Health Surveillance; South Carolina - epidemiology; United States - epidemiology; United States; South Carolina; South Carolina Autism Developmental Disabilities and Monitoring (Network); Autism; ADHD; ASD; Public Health Surveillance; Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network; Psychotropic Medication; Medicaid; autism spectrum disorder; SCADDM; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADDAM
• ISSN: 1047-2797; 1873-2585
• DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.10.007

Purpose We assessed medication use and associated costs among 8- and 15-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) identified by the South Carolina Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (SCADDM) Network. Methods All Medicaid-eligible SCADDM-identified children with ASD from surveillance years 2006 and 2007 were included (n = 263). Children were classified as ASD cases when documented behaviors consistent with the DSM-IV-TR criteria for autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, or pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified were present in health and education evaluation records. Medication and cost data were obtained by linking population-based and Medicaid data. Results All 263 SCADDM-identified children had Medicaid data available; 56% (n = 147) had a prescription of any type, 40% (n = 105) used psychotropic medication, and 20% (n = 52) used multiple psychotropic classes during the study period. Common combinations were (1) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications and an antihypertensive, antidepressant or antipsychotic; and (2) antidepressants and an antipsychotic. Multiple psychotropic classes were more common among older children. Both the overall distribution of the number of prescription claims and medication costs varied significantly by age. Conclusions Results confirm that medication use in ASD, alone or in combination, is common, costly, and may increase with age.