Plasma chemokines are biomarkers of disease severity, higher bacterial burden and delayed sputum culture conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 18217 - 8
• Main Authors: Kumar, Nathella P., Moideen, Kadar, Nancy, Arul, Viswanathan, Vijay, Shruthi, Basavaradhya S., Sivakumar, Shanmugam, Natarajan, Mohan, Kornfeld, Hardy, Babu, Subash
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 03.12.2019; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 13; 13/21; 692/420/254; 692/53/2423; 692/699/255/1856; Adult; Aged; Antitubercular Agents - pharmacology; Antitubercular Agents - therapeutic use; Bacteria; Bacterial Load - drug effects; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Case-Control Studies; CCL3 protein; Chemokines; Chemokines - blood; Chemokines - immunology; Chemotherapy; CXCL10 protein; CXCL11 protein; Cytokines; Female; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Latent Tuberculosis - blood; Latent Tuberculosis - diagnosis; Latent Tuberculosis - drug therapy; Latent Tuberculosis - microbiology; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; multidisciplinary; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - immunology; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolation & purification; Plasma levels; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Severity of Illness Index; Sputum; Sputum - microbiology; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - blood; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - diagnosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - drug therapy; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - microbiology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54803-w

Plasma cytokines are biomarkers of disease extent and mycobacterial burden in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Whether chemokines can perform the same role in PTB is not known. We examined the plasma levels of chemokines in individuals with PTB, latent TB (LTB) or healthy controls (HC) and their association with disease severity and mycobacterial burdens in PTB. We also examined the chemokines in PTB individuals at the end of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy (ATT). PTB individuals exhibited significantly higher levels of CCL1, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in comparison to LTB and/or HC individuals. PTB individuals with bilateral or cavitary disease displayed significantly elevated levels of CCL1, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL10 and CXCL11 compared to those with unilateral or non-cavitary disease and also exhibited a significant positive relationship with bacterial burdens. In addition, PTB individuals with slower culture conversion displayed significantly elevated levels of CCL1, CCL3, CXCL1 and CXCL9 at the time of PTB diagnosis and prior to ATT. Finally, the chemokines were significantly reduced following successful ATT. Our data demonstrate that PTB is associated with elevated levels of chemokines, which are partially reversed followed chemotherapy. Our data demonstrate that chemokines are markers of disease severity, predicting increased bacterial burden and delayed culture conversion in PTB.