SARS-CoV-2 infections in professional orchestra and choir musicians—a prospective cohort study

• Published in: European journal of epidemiology Vol. 37; no. 10; pp. 1061 - 1070
• Main Authors: Berghöfer, Anne, Rotter, Gabriele, Pankert, Joachim, Icke, Katja, Roll, Stephanie, King, Ryan, Willich, Stefan N.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.10.2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Cardiology; Choirs; Cohort analysis; COVID-19; COVID-19 - epidemiology; Employee benefits; Epidemiology; Female; Hazard assessment; Health risks; Humans; Hygiene; Infections; Infectious Diseases; Influenza; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Musical performances; Musicians & conductors; Occupational Diseases - epidemiology; Oncology; Orchestras; Pandemics; Professional activities; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Respiratory tract; Respiratory tract diseases; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Statistical models; Viral diseases; Occupational health; Coronavirus SARS; Cohort study; Incidence
• ISSN: 0393-2990; 1573-7284; 1573-7284
• DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00917-x

During the COVID-19 pandemic, rehearsal and concert activities of professional orchestras and choirs were severely restricted based on the assumption of particularly high infection risks associated with wind instruments and singing. Therefore, our primary objective was to determine the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in orchestra and choir musicians compared to controls. We also assessed influenza, flu, upper respiratory tract infections, and course of illness. Musicians from professional orchestras and choirs and controls from 23 institutions throughout Germany were included in a prospective cohort study. Data were collected from October 2020 to June 2021 by weekly online surveys. A mixed-effects cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the effect of exposure by professional activity on SARS-CoV-2 infection. In 1,097 participants (46.7 years (SD 10.3); 46.8% female; 705 orchestra, 154 choir, and 238 control subjects) 40 SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred. Cases per person-years were 0.06 in orchestras, 0.11 in choirs, and 0.03 in controls. Hazard ratios compared to controls were 1.74 (95% CI 0.58 to 5.25, p  = 0.320) for orchestra musicians and 2.97 (0.87 to 10.28, p  = 0.087) for choir singers. Infection source was suspected predominantly in private contexts. Disease courses were mild to moderate. Other respiratory infections were reported in 6.1% of study weeks in orchestras, 10.1% in choirs, and 8.0% in controls. Sick leave days of total study days were 0.5, 2.1 and 1.3%, respectively. This epidemiologic study during the pandemic in professional musicians indicates no increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections in orchestra musicians and a trend towards increased risk in choir singers compared to controls. However, the exact routes of infection could not be validated. If appropriate hygiene concepts are adhered to, safe orchestra and choir activity appears possible in pandemic times.