A population-based survey of Chronic REnal Disease In Turkey--the CREDIT study

• Published in: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation Vol. 26; no. 6; pp. 1862 - 1871
• Main Authors: Suleymanlar, G., Utas, C., Arinsoy, T., Ates, K., Altun, B., Altiparmak, M. R., Ecder, T., Yilmaz, M. E., Camsari, T., Basci, A., Serdengecti, K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Oxford University Press 01.06.2011
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus - etiology; Emergency and intensive care: renal failure. Dialysis management; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Health Surveys; Humans; Hypertension - epidemiology; Hypertension - etiology; Intensive care medicine; Kidney Failure, Chronic - complications; Kidney Failure, Chronic - epidemiology; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Metabolic Syndrome - etiology; Middle Aged; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; Nephropathies. Renovascular diseases. Renal failure; Original; Prognosis; Renal failure; Risk Factors; Survival Rate; Turkey - epidemiology; Asia; Turkey; Kidney disease; Extrarenal dialysis; chronic kidney disease; epidemiology and outcomes; risk factors; Urinary system disease; Prognosis; Hemodialysis; Risk factor; Renal failure; Epidemiology
• ISSN: 0931-0509; 1460-2385; 1460-2385
• DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq656

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem worldwide that leads to end-stage kidney failure and cardiovascular complications. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD in Turkey, and to evaluate relationships between CKD and cardiovascular risk factors in a population-based survey. Medical data were collected through home visits and interviews. Serum creatinine, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and uric acid were determined from 12-h fasting blood samples, and spot urine tests were performed for subjects who gave consent to laboratory evaluation. A total of 10 872 participants were included in the study. The final analysis was performed on 10 748 subjects (mean age 40.5 ± 16.3 years; 55.7% women) and excluded 124 pregnant women. A low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) was present in 5.2% of the subjects who were evaluated for GFR, while microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were observed in 10.2% and 2% of the subjects, respectively. The presence of CKD was assessed in subjects who gave consent for urinary albumin excretion measurement (n = 8765). The overall prevalence of CKD was 15.7%; it was higher in women than men (18.4% vs. 12.8%, P < 0.001) and increased with increasing age of the subjects. The prevalence of hypertension (32.7% in the general population), diabetes (12.7%), dyslipidaemia (76.3%), obesity (20.1%) and metabolic syndrome (31.3%) was significantly higher in subjects with CKD than subjects without CKD (P < 0.001 for all). The prevalence of CKD in Turkey is 15.7%. Cardiovascular risk factors were significantly more prevalent in CKD patients.