Prediction of survival in patients with advanced, refractory colorectal cancer in treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil: real-world vs clinical trial data

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 14321
• Main Authors: Fernández Montes, Ana, Carmona-Bayonas, Alberto, Jimenez-Fonseca, Paula, Vázquez Rivera, Francisca, Martinez Lago, Nieves, Covela Rúa, Marta, Cousillas Castiñeiras, Antía, Gonzalez Villarroel, Paula, De la Cámara Gómez, Juan, Méndez, José Carlos Méndez, Carriles Fernández, Carmen, Sanchez Cánovas, Manuel, Garcia García, Teresa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group 12.07.2021; Nature Publishing Group UK; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: Alkaline phosphatase; Antiviral drugs; Asthenia; Clinical trials; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal carcinoma; Medical prognosis; Metastases; Neutropenia; Nomograms; Patients; Prediction models; Prognosis; Survival
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93732-5

Abstract Trifluridine/tipiracil increases overall survival (OS) in patients with refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A post hoc exploratory analysis of the RECOURSE randomized clinical trial (RCT) established two categories, a good prognosis corresponding to subjects having a low tumor burden and indolent disease. Other models in refractory mCRC are the FAS-CORRECT and Colon Life nomogram. The main objective was to externally validate the prognostic factors of the RECOURSE and FAS-CORRECT trials, and the Colon Life nomogram in a multicenter, real-world series of mCRC treated in 3rd and successive lines with trifluridine/tipiracil. The secondary aim was to develop an OS predictive model, TAS-RECOSMO. Between 2016 and 2019, 244 patients were recruited. Median OS was 8.15 vs 8.12 months for the poor (85% of the subjects) and good (15%) prognosis groups from the RESOURCE trial, respectively, log-rank p = 0.9. The most common grade 3–4 toxicities were neutropenia (17%), asthenia (6%), and anemia (5%). The AFT lognormal model TAS-RECOSMO included six variables: ECOG-PS, KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutation status, time between diagnosis of metastasis and beginning of trifluridine/tipiracil, NLR, CEA, and alkaline phosphatase. The model’s bootstrapped bias-corrected c-index was 0.682 (95% CI, 0.636–0.722). The factors from the Colon Life model, FAS-CORRECT, and RECOURSE displayed a c-index of 0.690, 0.630, and 0.507, respectively. TAS-RECOSMO, FAS-CORRECT, and the Colon Life nomogram appear to predict OS in patients with refractory mCCR who begin trifluridine/tipiracil treatment in the real world. The prognostic groups of the RECOURCE RCT were unable to capture the situation of real-world subjects treated with trifluridine/tipiracil in this series.