Preclinical and clinical trials of oncolytic vaccinia virus in cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review

• Published in: Cancer biology & medicine Vol. 20; no. 9; pp. 1 - 16
• Main Authors: Li, Mengyuan, Zhang, Minghuan, Ye, Qian, Liu, Yunhua, Qian, Wenbin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Compuscript 23.08.2023; China Anti-Cancer Association
• Subjects: arming strategy; engineered virus; oncolytic vaccinia virus; oncolytic virotherapy; Review
• ISSN: 2095-3941
• DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0202

Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for human cancers owing to an ability to elicit curative effects via systemic administration. Tumor cells often create an unfavorable immunosuppressive microenvironment that degrade viral structures and impede viral replication; however, recent studies have established that viruses altered via genetic modifications can serve as effective oncolytic agents to combat hostile tumor environments. Specifically, oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) has gained popularity owing to its safety, potential for systemic delivery, and large gene insertion capacity. This review highlights current research on the use of engineered mutated viruses and gene-armed OVVs to reverse the tumor microenvironment and enhance antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, and provides an overview of ongoing clinical trials and combination therapies. In addition, we discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of OVV as a cancer therapy, and explore different perspectives in this field.