Long and short noncoding RNAs in lung cancer precision medicine: Opportunities and challenges

• Published in: Tumor Biology Vol. 39; no. 4; p. 1010428317697578
• Main Authors: Tian, Haihua, Zhou, Chengwei, Yang, Jie, Li, Jingqiu, Gong, Zhaohui
• Format: Book Review Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.04.2017; Sage Publications Ltd; IOS Press
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Cancer therapies; Chemotherapy; Clinical trials; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug delivery; Drug development; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Epigenetics; Gene expression; Genomes; Humans; Immune system; Immunosuppressive agents; Immunotherapy; Kinases; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy; Lung Neoplasms - genetics; Lung Neoplasms - prevention & control; Medical innovations; Metastases; Metastasis; miRNA; Mutation; Oncology; Patients; Precision Medicine; RNA Interference; RNA, Long Noncoding - administration & dosage; RNA, Long Noncoding - physiology; RNA, Small Untranslated - administration & dosage; RNA, Small Untranslated - physiology; RNA-mediated interference; Therapeutic applications; lung cancer; long noncoding RNA; targeted therapy; microRNA; small interfering RNA; Precision medicine
• ISSN: 1010-4283; 1423-0380
• DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697578

The long and short noncoding RNAs have been involved in the molecular diagnosis, targeted therapy, and predicting prognosis of lung cancer. Utilizing noncoding RNAs as biomarkers and systemic RNA interference as an innovative therapeutic strategy has an immense likelihood to generate novel concepts in precision oncology. Targeting of RNA interference payloads such as small interfering RNAs, microRNA mimetic, or anti-microRNA (antagomirs) into specific cell types has achieved initial success. The clinical trials of noncoding RNA–based therapies are on the way with some positive results. Many attempts are done for developing novel noncoding RNA delivery strategies that could overcome systemic or local barriers. Furthermore, it precipitates concerted efforts to define the molecular subtypes of lung cancer, characterize the genomic landscape of lung cancer subtypes, identify novel therapeutic targets, and reveal mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapies. These efforts contribute a visible effect now in lung cancer precision medicine: patients receive molecular testing to determine whether their tumor harbors an actionable come resistance to the first-generation drugs are in clinical trials, and drugs targeting the immune system are showing activity in patients. This extraordinary promise is tempered by the sobering fact that even the newest treatments for metastatic disease are rarely curative and are effective only in a small fraction of all patients. Thus, ongoing and future efforts to find new vulnerabilities of lung cancers unravel the complexity of drug resistance, increase the efficacy of immunotherapies, and perform biomarker-driven clinical trials are necessary to improve the outcome of lung cancer patients.