Quantitative Evaluation of a New Posturo-Locomotor Phenotype in a Rodent Model of Acute Unilateral Vestibulopathy

• Published in: Frontiers in neurology Vol. 11; p. 505
• Main Authors: Rastoldo, Guillaume, Marouane, Emna, El Mahmoudi, Nada, Péricat, David, Bourdet, Audrey, Timon-David, Elise, Dumas, Olivier, Chabbert, Christian, Tighilet, Brahim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media 05.06.2020; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: behavior; Life Sciences; locomotor activity; Neurology; Neurons and Cognition; posture; unilateral vestibular lesion; vestibular compensation; vestibular syndrome; unilateral vestibular lesion; vestibular compensation; posture; vestibular syndrome; locomotor activity; behavior; ethovision
• ISSN: 1664-2295; 1664-2295
• DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00505

Vestibular pathologies are difficult to diagnose. Existing devices make it possible to quantify and follow the evolution of posturo-locomotor symptoms following vestibular loss in static conditions. However, today, there are no diagnostic tools allowing the quantitative and spontaneous analysis of these symptoms in dynamic situations. With this in mind, we used an open-field video tracking test aiming at identifying specific posturo-locomotor markers in a rodent model of vestibular pathology. Using Ethovision XT 14 software (Noldus), we identified and quantified several behavioral parameters typical of unilateral vestibular lesions in a rat model of vestibular pathology. The unilateral vestibular neurectomy (UVN) rat model reproduces the symptoms of acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy in humans. Our data show deficits in locomotion velocity, distance traveled and animal mobility in the first day after the injury. We also highlighted alterations in several parameters, such as head and body acceleration, locomotor pattern, and position of the body, as well as “circling” behavior after vestibular loss. Here, we provide an enriched posturo-locomotor phenotype specific to full and irreversible unilateral vestibular loss. This test helps to strengthen the quantitative evaluation of vestibular disorders in unilateral vestibular lesion rat model. It may also be useful for testing pharmacological compounds promoting the restoration of balance. Transfer of these novel evaluation parameters to human pathology may improve the diagnosis of acute unilateral vestibulopathies and could better follow the evolution of the symptoms upon pharmacological and physical rehabilitation.