An Investigation of the Effects of Wave State and Sea Spray on an Idealized Typhoon Using an Air–Sea Coupled Modeling System

• Published in: Advances in atmospheric sciences Vol. 29; no. 2; pp. 391 - 406
• Main Author: 刘斌 管长龙 Li＇an XIE 赵栋梁
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Heidelberg SP Science Press 01.03.2012; Springer Nature B.V; Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100%Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100%Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
• Subjects: Atmosphere; Atmospheric Sciences; Dissipation; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Fluctuations; Geophysics/Geodesy; Heat flux; Heating; Joining; Latent heat; Mathematical models; Meteorology; Sprayers; Sprays; Typhoons; Wave height; Wind speed; tropical cyclone; sea spray; dissipative heating; wave state
• ISSN: 0256-1530; 1861-9533
• DOI: 10.1007/s00376-011-1059-7

In this study, the impact of atmospherewave coupling on typhoon intensity was investigated using numerical simulations of an idealized typhoon in a coupled atmospherewaveocean modeling system. The coupling between atmosphere and sea surface waves considered the effects of wave state and sea sprays on airsea momentum flux, the atmospheric lowlevel dissipative heating, and the wavestateaffected sea spray heat flux. Several experiments were conducted to examine the impacts of wave state, sea sprays, and dissipative heating on an idealized typhoon system. Results show that considering the wave state and seasprayaffected seasurface roughness reduces typhoon intensity, while including dissipative heating intensifies the typhoon system. Taking into account sea spray heat flux also strengthens the typhoon system with increasing maximum wind speed and significant wave height. The overall impact of atmospherewave coupling makes a positive contribution to the intensification of the idealized typhoon system. The minimum central pressure simulated by the coupled atmospherewave experiment was 16.4 hPa deeper than that of the control run, and the maximum wind speed and significant wave height increased by 31% and 4%, respectively. Meanwhile, within the area beneath the typhoon center, the average total upward airsea heat flux increased by 22%, and the averaged latent heat flux increased more significantly by 31% compared to the uncoupled run.