Sexual Dimorphism of NAFLD in Adults. Focus on Clinical Aspects and Implications for Practice and Translational Research

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces the clinico-pathological consequences of hepatic lipotoxicity and is a major public health problem globally. Sexual dimorphism is a definite feature of most human diseases but, under this aspect, NAFLD lags behind other medical fields. Here, we aim a...

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Published inJournal of clinical medicine Vol. 9; no. 5; p. 1278
Main Authors Lonardo, Amedeo, Suzuki, Ayako
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 28.04.2020
MDPI
Subjects
Body fat
Clinical medicine
Epidemiology
Fatty liver
Gender differences
Review
Womens health
United States > US
clinical course
sex medicine
HCC
NASH
epidemiology
pathogenesis
tumors
type 2 diabetes
serum uric acid
cardiovascular risk
diabetes
steatosis
cirrhosis
sex differences
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Summary:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces the clinico-pathological consequences of hepatic lipotoxicity and is a major public health problem globally. Sexual dimorphism is a definite feature of most human diseases but, under this aspect, NAFLD lags behind other medical fields. Here, we aim at summarizing and critically discussing the most prominent sex differences and gaps in NAFLD in humans, with emphasis on those aspects which are relevant for clinical practice and translational research. Sexual dimorphism of NAFLD is covered with references to the following areas: disease prevalence and risk factors, pathophysiology, comorbidities, natural course and complications. Finally, we also discuss selected gender differences and whether sex-specific lifestyle changes should be adopted to contrast NAFLD in men and women.
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ISSN:2077-0383
2077-0383
DOI:10.3390/jcm9051278