Effect of Rice Processing towards Lower Rapidly Available Glucose (RAG) Favors Idli , a South Indian Fermented Food Suitable for Diabetic Patients

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 11; no. 7; p. 1497
• Main Authors: Chelliah, Ramachandran, Chandrashekar, Sangeeta, Saravanakumar, Kandasamy, Ramakrishnan, Sudha Rani, Rubab, Momna, Daliri, Eric Banan-Mwine, Barathikannan, Kaliyan, Tyagi, Akanksha, Kwame Ofosu, Fred, Chen, Xiuqin, Kim, Se-Hun, Elahi, Fazle, NaKyeong, Han, Wang, Myeong-Hyeon, Raman, Vijaykumar, Antony, Usha, Oh, Deog-Hwan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.06.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Biomarkers - blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus - blood; Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus - diet therapy; Diet, Diabetic; Fermentation; Fermented Foods and Beverages; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; glucose level; Glycemic Index; Glycemic Load; heat treatment; Humans; Idli/Dokala—Indian food product; Oryza - metabolism; Oryza - microbiology; RAG; Review; rice; SAG; glycemic index; SAG; RAG; glucose level; heat treatment; rice; Idli/Dokala—Indian food product
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu11071497

The Asian food pattern primarily embraces rice and rice-based products, which mainly comprise 90% starch. Among these various food products, is mostly prepared through fermentation. It has high palatability, and the rapid and highly digestible nature of the food product results in a higher post-glucose level in diabetic patients. A heat-treated rice sample was prepared by roasting parboiled rice at the temperature range of 155 to 165 °C for 65 to 75 s. /rice-based Dokala made from heat-treated rice is better when compared to untreated rice in terms of its microbiological profile and physiochemical properties. The proximate composition of heat-treated parboiled rice /Rice Dokala showed slightly higher values than the untreated parboiled rice /Rice Dokala, which reveals that it has marginally higher nutritive value. Determination of the Rapidly Available Glucose (RAG) and Slowly Available Glucose (SAG) values, SEM analysis, resistant starch analysis, microbial assay, and in vivo studies were performed to determine the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load in normal and diabetic persons. Sensory analysis also proved that heat-treated /Rice Dokala is superior to untreated based on the color, flavor, appearance, taste, and texture.