Plasma Lipidome and Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes in the Population-Based Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort

• Published in: Diabetes care Vol. 43; no. 2; pp. 366 - 373
• Main Authors: Fernandez, Céline, Surma, Michal A., Klose, Christian, Gerl, Mathias J., Ottosson, Filip, Ericson, Ulrika, Oskolkov, Nikolay, Ohro-Melander, Marju, Simons, Kai, Melander, Olle
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Diabetes Association 01.02.2020
• Subjects: Cancer; Clinical Medicine; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diet; Dyslipidemia; Endocrinology and Diabetes; Endokrinologi och diabetes; Health Sciences; Hälsovetenskap; Klinisk medicin; Lifestyles; Lipids; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medical and Health Sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Metabolic disorders; Nutrition and Dietetics; Näringslära; Näringslära och dietkunskap; Physical activity; Population studies; Predictions; Regression analysis; Replication; Research design; Risk analysis; Risk factors
• ISSN: 0149-5992; 1935-5548; 1935-5548
• DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1199

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with dyslipidemia, but the detailed alterations in lipid species preceding the disease are largely unknown. We aimed to identify plasma lipids associated with development of T2DM and investigate their associations with lifestyle. At baseline, 178 lipids were measured by mass spectrometry in 3,668 participants without diabetes from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. The population was randomly split into discovery ( = 1,868, including 257 incident cases) and replication ( = 1,800, including 249 incident cases) sets. We used orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analyses, extracted a predictive component for T2DM incidence (lipid-PC ), and assessed its association with T2DM incidence using Cox regression and lifestyle factors using general linear models. A T2DM-predictive lipid-PC derived from the discovery set was independently associated with T2DM incidence in the replication set, with hazard ratio (HR) among subjects in the fifth versus first quintile of lipid-PC of 3.7 (95% CI 2.2-6.5). In comparison, the HR of T2DM among obese versus normal weight subjects was 1.8 (95% CI 1.2-2.6). Clinical lipids did not improve T2DM risk prediction, but adding the lipid-PC to all conventional T2DM risk factors increased the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve by 3%. The lipid-PC was also associated with a dietary risk score for T2DM incidence and lower level of physical activity. A lifestyle-related lipidomic profile strongly predicts T2DM development beyond current risk factors. Further studies are warranted to test if lifestyle interventions modifying this lipidomic profile can prevent T2DM.