Biosynthesis of Astaxanthin as a Main Carotenoid in the Heterobasidiomycetous Yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

Carotenoids are organic lipophilic yellow to orange and reddish pigments of terpenoid nature that are usually composed of eight isoprene units. This group of secondary metabolites includes carotenes and xanthophylls, which can be naturally obtained from photosynthetic organisms, some fungi, and bact...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of fungi (Basel) Vol. 3; no. 3; p. 44
Main Authors Barredo, Jose, García-Estrada, Carlos, Kosalkova, Katarina, Barreiro, Carlos
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 30.07.2017
MDPI
Subjects
Antioxidants
Astaxanthin
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
Carbon
carotenes
Carotenoids
Fish
Fungi
Gene expression
Isoprene
Lipophilic
Metabolites
Phaffia rhodozyma
Pigments
Review
Secondary metabolites
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
Xanthophylls
Yeast
United States > US
Spain
Phaffia rhodozyma
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
carotenes
carotenoids
xanthophylls
astaxanthin
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Summary:Carotenoids are organic lipophilic yellow to orange and reddish pigments of terpenoid nature that are usually composed of eight isoprene units. This group of secondary metabolites includes carotenes and xanthophylls, which can be naturally obtained from photosynthetic organisms, some fungi, and bacteria. One of the microorganisms able to synthesise carotenoids is the heterobasidiomycetous yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, which represents the teleomorphic state of Phaffia rhodozyma, and is mainly used for the production of the xanthophyll astaxanthin. Upgraded knowledge on the biosynthetic pathway of the main carotenoids synthesised by X. dendrorhous, the biotechnology-based improvement of astaxanthin production, as well as the current omics approaches available in this yeast are reviewed in depth.
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ISSN:2309-608X
2309-608X
DOI:10.3390/jof3030044