PET Imaging in Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Narrative Review with Focus on Novel PET Tracers

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease characterized by the development of inflammation and noncaseating granulomas that can involve nearly every organ system, with a predilection for the pulmonary system. Cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis (CS) occurs in up to 70% of cases, and accounts...

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Published inPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 14; no. 12; p. 1286
Main Authors Saric, Petar, Young, Kathleen A, Rodriguez-Porcel, Martin, Chareonthaitawee, Panithaya
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 09.12.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Biopsy
Cardiac arrhythmia
cardiac sarcoidosis
Ejection fraction
Fatty acids
fluorodeoxyglucose
fluorothymidine
Glucose
Heart failure
hypoxia tracers
Inflammation
Metabolism
Mortality
Patients
positron emission tomography
Review
Sarcoidosis
somatostatin analogs
United States > US
cardiac sarcoidosis
methionine
somatostatin analogs
pentixafor
fluorothymidine
fluorodeoxyglucose
positron emission tomography
hypoxia tracers
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Summary:Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease characterized by the development of inflammation and noncaseating granulomas that can involve nearly every organ system, with a predilection for the pulmonary system. Cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis (CS) occurs in up to 70% of cases, and accounts for a significant share of sarcoid-related mortality. The clinical presentation of CS can range from absence of symptoms to conduction abnormalities, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular disease, and sudden cardiac death. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with CS, timely diagnosis is important. Traditional imaging modalities and histologic evaluation by endomyocardial biopsy often provide a low diagnostic yield. Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as a leading advanced imaging modality for the diagnosis and management of CS. This review article will summarize several aspects of the current use of PET in CS, including indications for use, patient preparation, image acquisition and interpretation, diagnostic and prognostic performance, and evaluation of treatment response. Additionally, this review will discuss novel PET radiotracers currently under study or of potential interest in CS.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
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ISSN:1424-8247
1424-8247
DOI:10.3390/ph14121286