Histopathological features of the brain, liver, kidney and spleen following an innovative polytrauma model of the mouse

• Published in: Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft für Toxikologische Pathologie Vol. 64; no. 3; pp. 133 - 139
• Main Authors: Mirzayan, M.J., Probst, C., Samii, M., Krettek, C., Gharabaghi, A., Pape, H.C., van Griensven, M., Samii, A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Munich Elsevier GmbH 01.03.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; brain; Brain Injuries - complications; Brain Injuries - pathology; Brain injury; Controlled cortical impact; cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Femoral Fractures - complications; Femoral Fractures - pathology; Femur; Fracture; Fractures; Hemorrhage; histopathology; humans; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Ketamine; Kidney; Kidney - pathology; kidneys; Liver; Liver - pathology; Lung; Male; Medical sciences; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mortality; Mouse; Multiple trauma; Multiple Trauma - complications; Multiple Trauma - pathology; Neuroprotection; Neurotrauma; Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques; Polytrauma; Shock; Shock - pathology; Shock, Hemorrhagic - complications; Shock, Hemorrhagic - pathology; Spleen; Spleen - pathology; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents; Traumatic brain injury; xylazine; Neuroprotection; Mouse; Polytrauma; Controlled cortical impact; Fracture; Brain injury; Neurotrauma; Liver; Diseases of the osteoarticular system; Central nervous system; Kidney; Encephalon; Histopathology; Multiple injury; Spleen; Nervous system diseases; Digestive system; Rodentia; Trauma; Cerebral disorder; Vertebrata; Anatomic pathology; Mammalia; Urinary system; Animal; Central nervous system disease; Models
• ISSN: 0940-2993; 1618-1433; 1618-1433
• DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.07.007

Among the various introduced experimental traumatic brain injury models, there is a clear paucity of proper experimental polytrauma models. To overcome this experimental gap we introduced such a polytrauma model in the mouse including traumatic brain injury. Here, we report on the histopathological features of the brain, lung, kidney, spleen and liver. 20 male C57BL mice with a mean weight of 23g were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. The anaesthetized animals were subjected to a controlled cortical impact (CCI) over the left parieto-temporal cortex using rounded-tip impounder for application of a standardized brain injury. Following fracture of the right femur using a guillotine, a volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock was induced. The control groups included animals with CCI only (n=20) and animals with femur fracture plus hemorrhagic shock without CCI (n=20). Subjects were sacrified at 96h following trauma. Brain, lung, kidney, spleen and liver of the animals underwent histopathological examinations. The mortality rate at 96h was 25% in the polytrauma group versus 10% in the control groups. Within the histopathological investigations, polytraumatized animals differ from those with a single trauma (traumatic brain injury or femur fracture with hemorrhagic shock) with various severity. The findings of this study show that such a polytrauma model can be standardized resulting in a reproducible damage. This model fulfills the requirements of a standardized animal model. It allows adequate analogies and inferences to the clinical situation of a polytrauma in humans.