Influence of Short-Term Hyperenergetic, High-Fat Feeding on Appetite, Appetite-Related Hormones, and Food Reward in Healthy Men

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 12; no. 9; p. 2635
• Main Authors: Thackray, Alice E, Willis, Scott A, Clayton, David J, Broom, David R, Finlayson, Graham, Goltz, Fernanda R, Sargeant, Jack A, Woods, Rachel M, Stensel, David J, King, James A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.08.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Adult; Appetite; compensation; Compliance; Cross-Over Studies; Crossovers; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - methods; Diet, High-Fat - psychology; Eating behavior; Energy; energy balance; Fatty acids; Feeding Behavior - psychology; Food; food-reward; Ghrelin; Ghrelin - blood; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; High fat diet; Hormones; Humans; Intervention; Laboratories; Leptin; Leptin - blood; Low fat diet; Male; Metabolism; overfeeding; Parameters; Questionnaires; Reinforcement; Reward; Time; Weight control; Young Adult; United Kingdom > UK; United States > US; appetite; compensation; energy balance; overfeeding; food-reward; high-fat diet
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu12092635

Short-term overfeeding may provoke compensatory appetite responses to correct the energy surplus. However, the initial time-course of appetite, appetite-related hormone, and reward-related responses to hyperenergetic, high-fat diets (HE-HFD) are poorly characterised. Twelve young healthy men consumed a HE-HFD (+50% energy, 65% fat) or control diet (36% fat) for seven days in a randomised crossover design. Mean appetite perceptions were determined during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after each diet. Fasted appetite perceptions, appetite-related hormones, and reward parameters were measured pre-diet and after 1-, 3- and 7-days of each diet. The HE-HFD induced a pre-to-post diet suppression in mean appetite during the OGTT (all ratings ≤ 0.058, effect size ( ) ≥ 0.31), and reduced the preference for high-fat vs. low-fat foods (main effect diet = 0.036, = 0.32). Fasted leptin was higher in the HE-HFD than control diet (main effect diet < 0.001, = 0.30), whilst a diet-by-time interaction ( = 0.036) revealed fasted acylated ghrelin was reduced after 1-, 3- and 7-days of the HE-HFD (all ≤ 0.040, ≥ 0.50 vs. pre-diet). Appetite perceptions and total peptide YY in the fasted state exhibited similar temporal patterns between the diets (diet-by-time interaction ≥ 0.077). Seven days of high-fat overfeeding provokes modest compensatory changes in subjective, hormonal, and reward-related appetite parameters.