Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of Water Conveying Multi-Walled Carbon Nanoparticles through a Vertical Cleveland Z-Staggered Cavity Subject to Entropy Generation

• Published in: Micromachines (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 5; p. 744
• Main Authors: Rasool, Ghulam, Saeed, Abdulkafi Mohammed, Lare, Animasaun Isaac, Abderrahmane, Aissa, Guedri, Kamel, Vaidya, Hanumesh, Marzouki, Riadh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 08.05.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Boundary conditions; Carbon; Conveying; Darcy number; Darcy-Forchheimer flow; Entropy; entropy generation; Finite element method; Fluid flow; Hartmann number; Heat transfer; Incompressible flow; Lorentz force; Magnetic fields; MWCNT-water nanofluid; Nanoparticles; Rayleigh number; Research methodology; vertical Cleveland Z-staggered cavity; Darcy-Forchheimer flow; entropy generation; vertical Cleveland Z-staggered cavity; MWCNT-water nanofluid
• ISSN: 2072-666X; 2072-666X
• DOI: 10.3390/mi13050744

To date, when considering the dynamics of water conveying multi-walled carbon nanoparticles (MWCNT) through a vertical Cleveland Z-staggered cavity where entropy generation plays a significant role, nothing is known about the increasing Reynold number, Hartmann number, and Darcy number when constant conduction occurs at both sides, but at different temperatures. The system-governing equations were solved using suitable models and the Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM). Based on the outcome of the simulation, it is worth noting that increasing the Reynold number causes the inertial force to be enhanced. The velocity of incompressible Darcy-Forchheimer flow at the middle vertical Cleveland Z-staggered cavity declines with a higher Reynold number. Enhancement in the Hartman number causes the velocity at the center of the vertical Cleveland Z-staggered cavity to be reduced due to the associated Lorentz force, which is absent when Ha = 0 and highly significant when Ha = 30. As the Reynold number grows, the Bejan number declines at various levels of the Hartmann number, but increases at multiple levels of the Darcy number.