Context-specific adaptation of saccade gain

• Published in: Experimental brain research Vol. 146; no. 4; pp. 441 - 450
• Main Authors: Shelhamer, Mark, Clendaniel, Richard A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Legacy CDMS Springer 01.10.2002; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adaptation, Psychological - physiology; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biological and medical sciences; Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Life Sciences (General); Male; Middle Aged; Posture - physiology; Saccades - physiology; Space life sciences; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs; Non-Nasa Center; Nasa Discipline Neuroscience; Human; Reflex; Context; Saccade Adaptation; Position; Orientation; Motor learning; Saccadic eye movement; Posture; Eye; Visual system; Motor learning Human; Tilt; Vestibular system; Adaptation; Gravity; NASA Discipline Neuroscience; Non-NASA Center
• ISSN: 0014-4819; 1432-1106
• DOI: 10.1007/s00221-002-1199-1

Previous studies established that vestibular reflexes can have two adapted states (e.g., gain) simultaneously, and that a context cue (e.g., vertical eye position) can switch between the two states. The present study examined this phenomenon of context-specific adaptationfor horizontal saccades, using a variety of contexts. Our overall goal was to assess the efficacy of different context cues in switching between adapted states. A standard double-step paradigm was used to adapt saccade gain. In each experiment, we asked for a simultaneous gain decrease in one context and gain increase in another context, and then determined if a change in the context would invoke switching between the adapted states. Horizontal eye position worked well as a context cue: saccades with the eyes deviated to the right could be made to have higher gains while saccades with the eyes deviated to the left could be made to have lower gains. Vertical eye position was less effective. This suggests that the more closely related a context cue is to the response being adapted, the more effective it is. Roll tilt of the head, and upright versus supine orientations, were somewhat effective in context switching; these paradigms contain orientation of gravity with respect to the head as part of the context.