Effects of Unfiltered Coffee and Bioactive Coffee Compounds on the Development of Metabolic Syndrome Components in a High-Fat-/High-Fructose-Fed Rat Model

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 10; no. 10; p. 1547
• Main Authors: Shokouh, Pedram, Jeppesen, Per Bendix, Hermansen, Kjeld, Laustsen, Christoffer, Stødkilde-Jørgensen, Hans, Hamilton-Dutoit, Stephen Jacques, Søndergaard Schmedes, Mette, Qi, Haiyun, Stokholm Nørlinger, Thomas, Gregersen, Søren
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19.10.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; Alkaloids - pharmacology; Animals; Bioactive compounds; Biological activity; Blood Glucose - drug effects; Body Weight; Caffeic acid; Caffeic Acids - pharmacology; Caffeine; Caffeoylquinic acid; carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy; chlorogenic acid; Coffee; Coffee - chemistry; Diabetes; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage; Dietary Supplements; Disease prevention; Drinking water; Eating; Fasting; Fatty liver; Food intake; Fructose; Fructose - administration & dosage; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; High fat diet; Hospitals; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Liver diseases; Male; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - chemically induced; metabolic syndrome x; Mortality; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Organic chemistry; Phenolic acids; Phenols; phytotherapy; Polyphenols; Proteins; Quinic Acid - analogs & derivatives; Quinic Acid - pharmacology; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Risk factors; Rodents; Steatosis; Synergism; Systematic review; trigonelline; Denmark; United States > US; Aarhus Denmark; Germany; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; chlorogenic acid; phytotherapy; coffee; trigonelline; caffeic acid; carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome x
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu10101547

The literature is inconsistent as to how coffee affects metabolic syndrome (MetS), and which bioactive compounds are responsible for its metabolic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of unfiltered coffee on diet-induced MetS and investigate whether or not phenolic acids and trigonelline are the main bioactive compounds in coffee. Twenty-four male Sprague‒Dawley rats were fed a high-fat (35% W/W) diet plus 20% W/W fructose in drinking water for 14 weeks, and were randomized into three groups: control, coffee, or nutraceuticals (5- -caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, and trigonelline). Coffee or nutraceuticals were provided in drinking water at a dosage equal to 4 cups/day in a human. Compared to the controls, total food intake ( = 0.023) and mean body weight at endpoint ( 0.016) and estimated average plasma glucose ( = 0.041) were lower only in the coffee group. Surrogate measures of insulin resistance including the overall fasting insulin ( = 0.010), endpoint HOMA-IR ( = 0.022), and oral glucose tolerance ( = 0.029) were improved in the coffee group. Circulating triglyceride levels were lower ( = 0.010), and histopathological and quantitative ( = 0.010) measurements indicated lower grades of liver steatosis compared to controls after long-term coffee consumption. In conclusion, a combination of phenolic acids and trigonelline was not as effective as coffee per se in improving the components of the MetS. This points to the role of other coffee chemicals and a potential synergism between compounds.