Pre-Meal Effect of Whey Proteins on Metabolic Parameters in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Crossover Trial

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 10; no. 2; p. 122
• Main Authors: Bjørnshave, Ann, Holst, Jens Juul, Hermansen, Kjeld
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 25.01.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Acetaminophen - pharmacokinetics; Aged; Apolipoprotein B; Apolipoprotein B-48 - blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Diet; Dyslipidemia; Emptying; Esterification; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood; Female; Gastric Emptying; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - blood; Glucagon; Glucagon - blood; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism; Humans; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Lipid metabolism; Lipids; Low density lipoprotein; Male; Meals; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Paracetamol; Postprandial lipemia; Postprandial Period; pre-meal; Proteins; Randomization; Triglycerides - blood; type 2 diabetes; Whey; Whey protein; whey proteins; Whey Proteins - administration & dosage; type 2 diabetes; whey proteins; pre-meal; postprandial lipemia
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu10020122

Diabetic dyslipidemia with elevated postprandial triglyceride (TG) responses is characteristic in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diet and meal timing can modify postprandial lipemia (PPL). The impact of a pre-meal of whey proteins (WP) on lipid metabolism is unidentified. We determined whether a WP pre-meal prior to a fat-rich meal influences TG and apolipoprotein B-48 (ApoB-48) responses differentially in patients with and without T2D. Two matched groups of 12 subjects with and without T2D accomplished an acute, randomized, cross-over trial. A pre-meal of WP (20 g) or water (control) was consumed 15 min before a fat-rich meal (supplemented with 20 g WP in case of water pre-meal). Postprandial responses were examined during a 360-min period. A WP pre-meal significantly increased postprandial concentrations of insulin ( < 0.0001), glucagon ( < 0.0001) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) ( < 0.0001) in subjects with and without T2D. We detected no effects of the WP pre-meal on TG, ApoB-48, or non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) responses to the fat-rich meal in either group. Paracetamol absorption i.e. gastric emptying was delayed by the WP pre-meal ( = 0.039). In conclusion, the WP pre-meal induced similar hormone and lipid responses in subjects with and without T2D. Thus, the WP pre-meal enhanced insulin, glucagon and GIP responses but did not influence lipid or glucose responses. In addition, we demonstrated that a WP pre-meal reduced gastric emptying in both groups.