Marine Microbial-Derived Resource Exploration: Uncovering the Hidden Potential of Marine Carotenoids

• Published in: Marine drugs Vol. 20; no. 6; p. 352
• Main Authors: Steven, Ray, Humaira, Zalfa, Natanael, Yosua, Dwivany, Fenny M, Trinugroho, Joko P, Dwijayanti, Ari, Kristianti, Tati, Tallei, Trina Ekawati, Emran, Talha Bin, Jeon, Heewon, Alhumaydhi, Fahad A, Radjasa, Ocky Karna, Kim, Bonglee
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 26.05.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Bacteria; Bioinformatics; Biological activity; Biology; Biosynthesis; biosynthetic gene cluster; Carotenoids; Carotenoids - pharmacology; Computational Biology; Cyanobacteria; Ecosystem; Ecosystems; Gene clusters; Genes; In vitro methods and tests; Industrial applications; Industry; Light; Machine learning; marine; Marine ecosystems; Marine microorganisms; Marine resources; Metabolism; Metabolites; Microorganisms; Multigene Family; Organisms; Peptides; Pharmaceutical industry; Resource exploration; Review; Screening; Secondary metabolites; Synthetic Biology; biosynthetic gene cluster; carotenoids; microorganisms; marine
• ISSN: 1660-3397; 1660-3397
• DOI: 10.3390/md20060352

Microbes in marine ecosystems are known to produce secondary metabolites. One of which are carotenoids, which have numerous industrial applications, hence their demand will continue to grow. This review highlights the recent research on natural carotenoids produced by marine microorganisms. We discuss the most recent screening approaches for discovering carotenoids, using in vitro methods such as culture-dependent and culture-independent screening, as well as in silico methods, using secondary metabolite Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (smBGCs), which involves the use of various rule-based and machine-learning-based bioinformatics tools. Following that, various carotenoids are addressed, along with their biological activities and metabolic processes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis. Finally, we cover the application of carotenoids in health and pharmaceutical industries, current carotenoids production system, and potential use of synthetic biology in carotenoids production.