Nutrition in Patients with Lactose Malabsorption, Celiac Disease, and Related Disorders

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 2
• Main Author: Alkalay, Michele J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21.12.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Abdomen; Autoimmune diseases; Biopsy; Bone density; Celiac disease; Celiac Disease - diet therapy; Dairy products; Diet; Diet, Gluten-Free; Dietary restrictions; Enzymes; FODMAPs; Food allergies; Gluten; gluten-related disorders; Health services; Humans; Hydrogen; Hypersensitivity; Intolerance; Irritable bowel syndrome; Irritable Bowel Syndrome - diet therapy; Lactase; Lactose; Lactose intolerance; Lactose Intolerance - diet therapy; lactose malabsorption; Lead; Malabsorption; Malabsorption Syndromes - diet therapy; Milk; Mineralization; Monosaccharides; Nutrient deficiency; Nutrition; Nutritional Status; Oral administration; Osteoporosis; Patients; Polyols; Probiotics; Quality of Life; Review; Sensitivity; Signs and symptoms; Small intestine; diet adherence; nutrition; gluten-free diet; non-celiac gluten sensitivity; irritable bowel syndrome; FODMAPs; celiac disease; gluten-related disorders; lactose intolerance; lactose malabsorption
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu14010002

Lactose malabsorption (LM), celiac disease (CD), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are conditions associated with food triggers, improvement after withdrawal, treatment with dietary restriction, and subsequent nutritional detriments. LM occurs when there is incomplete hydrolysis of lactose due to lactase deficiency and frequently produces abdominal symptoms; therefore, it can cause lactose intolerance (LI). A lactose-restricted diet is frequently recommended, although it can potentially lead to nutrient deficiencies. Furthermore, lactose is an essential component of fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) and is subsequently associated with intolerance to these compounds, especially in IBS. LM commonly presents in CD. Nutritional deficits are common in CD and can continue even on a gluten-free diet (GFD). Conditions triggered by gluten are known as gluten-related disorders (GRDs), including CD, wheat allergy, and NCGS. IBS can also be associated with a gluten sensitivity. A GFD is the treatment for CD, GRDs, and gluten sensitive IBS, although compliance with this restricted diet can be difficult. Strict dietary therapies can have a negative effect on quality of life. This review aims to provide an overview of the difficult nutritional elements of these disorders, which are critical for medical providers to recognize when managing these patients.