Retrospective dosimetry of populations exposed to reactor accident: Chernobyl example, lesson for Fukushima

• Published in: Radiation measurements Vol. 55; pp. 3 - 11
• Main Author: Chumak, Vadim V.
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2013; Elsevier
• Subjects: Accident reconstruction; Accidents; Chernobyl; Dosage; Dosimeters; Dosimetry; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Exact sciences and technology; External exposure; Fukushima; Geochronology; Isotope geochemistry. Geochronology; Marketing; Nuclear accident; Nuclear accidents; Pollution, environment geology; Reconstruction; Retrospective dosimetry; Far East; Asia; Eastern Europe; Europe; Japan; Ukraine; Ukraine, Chernobyl; Chernobyl; Fukushima; Retrospective dosimetry; ChNPP; RADRUE; Nuclear accident; ADR; External exposure; SRU; UACOS; FISH; Dosimetry; ODR; models; Chernobyl nuclear accident; exhibits; irradiation; methodology; communities
• ISSN: 1350-4487; 1879-0925
• DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.07.004

Follow-up of the Chernobyl accident had included a good deal of retrospective dosimetry and dose reconstruction. Comparison of Chernobyl and Fukushima shows that despite some differences in course and scale of the two accidents, main elements are present in both situations and Chernobyl experience could be quite educative for better understanding and more optimal handling of Fukushima Dai-ichi accident consequences. This paper contains review of dose reconstruction efforts done to date and extensively published in scientific journals and reports. Specifically the following cases are considered: (i) evaluation of individual doses to evacuees; (ii) validation of ecological dosimetric models and ruling out unconfirmed dose rate measurements; dosimetric support of (iii) case–control study of leukemia among Chernobyl clean-up workers (liquidators), and (iv) cohort study of cataracts among liquidators. Due to limited size of this paper the given application cases are rather outlined while more detailed descriptions could be found in relevant publications. Each considered Chernobyl case is commented with respect to possible application to Fukushima Dai-ichi situation. The presented methodological findings and approaches could be used for retrospective assessment of human exposures in Fukushima. ► Retrospective dosimetry in Chernobyl was applied for evaluation of individual doses to evacuees. ► Retrospective dosimetry in Chernobyl was applied for validation of ecological dosimetric models, rejection dubious dose rate records. ► Retrospective dosimetry in Chernobyl was applied for risk assessment of leukemia among Chernobyl clean-up workers (liquidators). ► Retrospective dosimetry in Chernobyl was applied for study of cataracts among liquidators. ► Experience of dose reconstruction in Chernobyl could be used for retrospective assessment of exposures in Fukushima.