UNDERSTANDING ENSO DIVERSITY

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring mode of tropical Pacific variability, with global impacts on society and natural ecosystems. While it has long been known that El Niño events display a diverse range of amplitudes, triggers, spatial patterns, and life cycles, the realizati...

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Published inBulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 96; no. 6; pp. 921 - 938
Main Authors Capotondi, Antonietta, Wittenberg, Andrew T., Newmaman, Matthew, Di Lorenzo, Emamanuele, Yu, Jin-Yi, Braconnot, Pascacale, Cole, Julia, Dewitte, Boris, Giese, Benjamin, Guilyardi, Eric, Jin, Fei-Fei, Karnauskas, Kristopher, Kirtman, Benjamin, Lee, Tong, Schneider, Niklas, Xue, Yan, Yeh, Sang-Wook
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Boston American Meteorological Society 01.06.2015
Subjects
Atmospherics
Climate change
Climate models
Cold
El Nino
Geophysics
Global climate models
Meteorology
Ocean currents
Oceans
Paleoclimatology
Physics
Simulations
Thermoclines
Tropical climates
Working groups
IS, Tropical Pacific
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Summary:El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring mode of tropical Pacific variability, with global impacts on society and natural ecosystems. While it has long been known that El Niño events display a diverse range of amplitudes, triggers, spatial patterns, and life cycles, the realization that ENSO’s impacts can be highly sensitive to this event-to-event diversity is driving a renewed interest in the subject. This paper surveys our current state of knowledge of ENSO diversity, identifies key gaps in understanding, and outlines some promising future research directions.
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ISSN:0003-0007
1520-0477
DOI:10.1175/bams-d-13-00117.1