The Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesters Utilize Dual-Mass Pendulums for Multidirectional Harvesting

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 25; no. 7; p. 2017
• Main Authors: Gao, Chong, Su, Xunwen, Tang, Jiahui, Liu, Dongdong, Liu, Junlong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 23.03.2025; MDPI
• Subjects: Analysis; Bandwidths; dual-mass pendulum; Efficiency; Electric power production; electromagnetic; Electromagnetism; Embedded systems; Energy; Force and energy; frequency tuning; multidirectional; Optimization; Power supply; Simulation methods; Technological change; Vibration; vibration energy harvest; vibration energy harvest; electromagnetic; dual-mass pendulum; multidirectional; frequency tuning
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s25072017

While vibration harvesting shows promise for powering sensors, effectively harvesting low-frequency, multidirectional ambient vibrations remains challenging. This article presents a novel electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device (EVEHD) with three key innovations: a dual-mode mass-pendulum configuration—dual-mass coupling (series mode) amplifies induced voltage, and dual-mass uncoupled (parallel) mode enables multifrequency harvesting—spring-position-based frequency tuning (4.5–16.7 Hz in series mode; dual-band 3.7–9.3/5–13.3 Hz in parallel mode), and an optimized energy conversion structure, boosting output by 85.2%. The findings were validated through theoretical modeling, FEM simulations, and shaker tests, the EVEHD generating a maximum voltage of 2 V and a power of 769.2 mW under a base excitation amplitude of 0.5 g at 16.7 Hz. This work reveals the potential of this multidirectional EVEHD for power generation and application in self-powered systems.