Cost-optimal design of an ice-storage cooling system using mixed-integer linear programming techniques under various electricity tariff schemes

• Published in: Energy and buildings Vol. 49; pp. 226 - 234
• Main Authors: Vetterli, Jan, Benz, Michael
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier B.V 01.06.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Ancillary services; Applied sciences; Building technical equipments; Buildings; Buildings. Public works; Commercial building; Computation methods. Tables. Charts; Control reserve power; Cooling systems; Costs; Design engineering; Electricity; Environmental engineering; Exact sciences and technology; Ice storage; Linear programming; MILP; Optimal control; Optimal design; Optimization; Refrigeration; Structural analysis. Stresses; Tariffs; Types of buildings; Vapor compression system; Variable electricity rates; Ventilation. Air conditioning; MILP; Control reserve power; Ice storage; Optimal control; Commercial building; Variable electricity rates; Ancillary services; Vapor compression system; Optimal design; Costs; Tariff; Vapor compression; Cryogenic storage; Linear programming; Commercial facility; Modeling; Optimization; Integer programming; Electricity; Cooling system
• ISSN: 0378-7788
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.02.012

► Mixed integer linear programming implementation of the total building cooling system. ► Optimal control strategies for an entire year calculated in less than one minute. ► Optimal dimensioning of the cooling system under various electricity tariff schemes. The increasing costs of energy encourage the development of cost-efficient building cooling systems. Based on a thermal model of a commercial building and its cooling system, the cost-optimal design of a vapor compression system and an incorporated ice storage is determined. Special emphasis is placed on the refrigeration machine and its interaction with the thermal capacity of the building. The implementation as a mixed integer linear programming problem allows the evaluation of the optimal system operation for an entire year in approximately 50s on a desktop computer. Based on these results, the design of the optimal systems is determined for various electricity tariff schemes. Therefore, a model for variable electricity rates is introduced including costs for control reserve power. Compared to the cooling system without storage, the system including an optimally designed ice storage achieves lifetime cost reductions of approximately 8% by reducing the operational costs and the investment costs for the downsized refrigeration machine.