Length of stay an important mediator of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

• Published in: Epidemiology and infection Vol. 144; no. 6; pp. 1248 - 1256
• Main Authors: WONG, J. G., CHEN, M. I., WIN, M. K., NG, P. Y., CHOW, A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.04.2016
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibiotics; Case-Control Studies; Catheters; Cross Infection - epidemiology; Cross Infection - microbiology; Epidemiology; Female; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Medical records; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - physiology; Middle Aged; Nursing; Original Papers; Ostomy; Patients; Risk Factors; Singapore - epidemiology; Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus infections; Surgery; Variables; Singapore; ISEW, Singapore; Generalized structural equation model; indirect effects; mediator; hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections; Staphylococcus aureus
• ISSN: 0950-2688; 1469-4409
• DOI: 10.1017/S0950268815002733

Hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) is becoming increasingly established in Asian hospitals. The primary aim of this study was to decompose the risk factors for HA-MRSA based on conceptual clinical pathways. The secondary aim was to show the amount of effect attributable to antibiotic exposure and total length of stay before outcome (LBO) so that institutions can manage at-risk patients accordingly. A case-control study consisting of 1200 inpatients was conducted in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore between January and December 2006. Results from the generalized structural equation model (GSEM) show that LBO [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 14·9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8·7–25·5], prior hospitalization (aOR 6·2, 95% CI 3·3–11·5), and cumulative antibiotic exposure (aOR 3·5, 95% CI 2·3–5·3), directly affected HA-MRSA acquisition. LBO accounted for the majority of the effects due to age (100%), immunosuppression (67%), and surgery (96%), and to a lesser extent for male gender (22%). Our model enabled us to account and quantify effects of intermediaries. LBO was found to be an important mediator of age, immunosuppression and surgery on MRSA infection. Traditional regression approaches will not only give different conclusions but also underestimate the effects. Hospitals should minimize the hospital stay when possible to reduce the risk of MRSA.