Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index
Cognitive reserve (CR) postulates that individual differences in task performance can be attributed to differences in the brain’s ability to recruit additional networks or adopt alternative cognitive strategies. Variables that are descriptive of lifetime experience such as socioeconomic status, educ...
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Published in | Frontiers in human neuroscience Vol. 15; p. 690856 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Lausanne
Frontiers Research Foundation
08.07.2021
Frontiers Media S.A |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Cognitive reserve (CR) postulates that individual differences in task performance can be attributed to differences in the brain’s ability to recruit additional networks or adopt alternative cognitive strategies. Variables that are descriptive of lifetime experience such as socioeconomic status, educational attainment, and leisure activity are common proxies of CR. CR is mostly studied using neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI) in which case individuals with a higher CR were observed to activate a smaller brain network compared to individuals with a lower CR, when performing a task equally effectively (higher efficiency), and electroencephalography (EEG) where a particular EEG component (P300) that reflects the attention and working memory load, has been targeted. Despite the contribution of multiple factors such as age, education (formal and informal), working, leisure, and household activities in CR formation, most neuroimaging studies, and those using EEG in particular, focus on formal education level only. The aim of the current EEG study is to investigate how the P300 component, evoked in response to an oddball paradigm, is associated with other components of CR besides education, such as working and leisure activity in older adults. We have used hereto a recently introduced CR index questionnaire (CRIq) that quantifies both professional and leisure activities in terms of their cognitive demand and number of years practiced, as well as a data-driven approach for EEG analysis. We observed complex relationships between CRIq subcomponents and P300 characteristics. These results are especially important given that, unlike previous studies, our measurements (P300 and CRIq) do not require active use of the same executive function and, thus, render our results free of a collinearity bias. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Anna-Katharine Brem, University of Bern, Switzerland Reviewed by: Robert Whelan, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Kyriaki Sidiropoulou, University of Crete, Greece Specialty section: This article was submitted to Cognitive Neuroscience, a section of the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
ISSN: | 1662-5161 1662-5161 |
DOI: | 10.3389/fnhum.2021.690856 |