Waste Clearance in the Brain

Waste clearance (WC) is an essential process for brain homeostasis, which is required for the proper and healthy functioning of all cerebrovascular and parenchymal brain cells. This review features our current understanding of brain WC, both within and external to the brain parenchyma. We describe t...

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Published inFrontiers in neuroanatomy Vol. 15; p. 665803
Main Authors Kaur, Jasleen, Fahmy, Lara M., Davoodi-Bojd, Esmaeil, Zhang, Li, Ding, Guangliang, Hu, Jiani, Zhang, Zhenggang, Chopp, Michael, Jiang, Quan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Lausanne Frontiers Research Foundation 07.07.2021
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects
Alzheimer's disease
arachnoid villi
Blood-brain barrier
By products
Cerebrospinal fluid
Homeostasis
interstitial fluid
interstitial waste products
Lymphatic system
Metabolism
Neuroscience
Nutrients
Parenchyma
perineural spaces
perivascular spaces
Traumatic brain injury
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Summary:Waste clearance (WC) is an essential process for brain homeostasis, which is required for the proper and healthy functioning of all cerebrovascular and parenchymal brain cells. This review features our current understanding of brain WC, both within and external to the brain parenchyma. We describe the interplay of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), interstitial fluid (ISF), and perivascular spaces within the brain parenchyma for brain WC directly into the blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We also discuss the relevant role of the CSF and its exit routes in mediating WC. Recent discoveries of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels, and their relevance to brain WC are highlighted. Controversies related to brain WC research and potential future directions are presented.
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Reviewed by: Sen Takeda, University of Yamanashi, Japan; Jan Pieter Konsman, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
Edited by: Syed F. Ali, National Center for Toxicological Research (FDA), United States
ISSN:1662-5129
1662-5129
DOI:10.3389/fnana.2021.665803