Nonverbal Synchrony in Technology-Mediated Interviews: A Cross-Cultural Study

• Published in: Journal of nonverbal behavior Vol. 46; no. 4; pp. 547 - 567
• Main Authors: Fujiwara, Ken, Otmar, Christopher D., Dunbar, Norah E., Hansia, Mohemmad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.12.2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Behavioral Science and Psychology; COVID-19; Cultural differences; Original Paper; Personality and Social Psychology; Psychology; Social Sciences; Sociology; Cross-Culture; Thin slice; Facial expressions; Dynamic time warping; Technology-mediated interview; Nonverbal synchrony
• ISSN: 0191-5886; 1573-3653
• DOI: 10.1007/s10919-022-00416-3

Technology-mediated communication has changed the way we interact. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, this trend became even more pronounced. Media interviews are no exception. Yet, studies on nonverbal behaviors, especially nonverbal synchrony during such mediated settings, have been scarce. To fill the research gap, this study investigated synchronized patterns between interview hosts’ and guests’ facial emotional displays and upper body movement during mediated interviews recorded in the countries in Western (mainly the US, with the addition of the UK) and Eastern cultures (Japan). The interviews were categorized into information- or entertainment-driven interviews, depending on the social attributes of the guest. The time series of the valence in facial displays and upper body movement was automatedly measured using FaceReader and Motion Energy Analysis software, respectively, which was analyzed in terms of simultaneous movements, a primary component of synchrony. As predicted, facial synchrony was more prevalent in information-driven interviews, supporting the motivational and strategic account of synchrony. In addition, female-hosted interviews had a higher degree of synchrony, especially in information-driven interviews. Similar patterns were seen in movement synchrony, although not significant. This study is the first evidence of synchrony in technology-mediated interviews in which a host and a guest appear on split-screen to inform or entertain audiences. However, no cultural differences in synchrony were observed. Situational demands in front of the interactants and the goal-driven nature of communication seemed to play a more prominent role than cultural differences in nonverbal synchrony.