Dopamine, Psychosis, and Symptom Fluctuation: A Narrative Review

It has been hypothesized since the 1960s that the etiology of schizophrenia is linked to dopamine. In the intervening 60 years, sophisticated brain imaging techniques, genetic/epigenetic advances, and new experimental animal models of schizophrenia have transformed schizophrenia research. The diseas...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inHealthcare (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 9; p. 1713
Main Authors Novak, Gabriela, Seeman, Mary V
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Antipsychotics
Brain research
CaMKII
Care and treatment
Causes of
Development and progression
Dopamine
Drugs
Etiology
Gene expression
Genomics
Hallucinations
Health aspects
Hypotheses
Magnetic resonance imaging
Mutation
Narratives
neurodevelopment
Neurodevelopmental disorders
oligodendrocytes
Pathology
Prenatal development
Psychological manifestations of general diseases
Psychosis
Psychotropic drugs
Review
Schizophrenia
stress
symptom triggers
Twins
Luxembourg
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Summary:It has been hypothesized since the 1960s that the etiology of schizophrenia is linked to dopamine. In the intervening 60 years, sophisticated brain imaging techniques, genetic/epigenetic advances, and new experimental animal models of schizophrenia have transformed schizophrenia research. The disease is now conceptualized as a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder expressed phenotypically in four symptom domains: positive, negative, cognitive, and affective. The aim of this paper is threefold: (a) to review recent research into schizophrenia etiology, (b) to review papers that elicited subjective evidence from patients as to triggers and repressors of symptoms such as auditory hallucinations or paranoid thoughts, and (c) to address the potential role of dopamine in schizophrenia in general and, in particular, in the fluctuations in schizophrenia symptoms. The review also includes new discoveries in schizophrenia research, pointing to the involvement of both striatal neurons and glia, signaling pathway convergence, and the role of stress. It also addresses potential therapeutic implications. We conclude with the hope that this paper opens up novel avenues of research and new possibilities for treatment.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
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ISSN:2227-9032
2227-9032
DOI:10.3390/healthcare10091713