Distinct Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Plasma and Calpeptin-Treated PBMCs of a Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patient: A Case Report

• Published in: Neurochemical research Vol. 43; no. 12; pp. 2224 - 2231
• Main Authors: Chandran, Raghavendar, Capone, Mollie, Matzelle, Denise, Polcyn, Rachel, Kau, Elizabeth, Haque, Azizul, Banik, Naren L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.12.2018; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Calpain; Case reports; CD28 antigen; CD3 antigen; Cell Biology; Chemokines; Chemokines - biosynthesis; Chemokines - genetics; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors - pharmacology; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Cytokines; Cytokines - biosynthesis; Cytokines - genetics; Dipeptides - pharmacology; Dipeptides - therapeutic use; Gene Expression; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Growth factors; Humans; Immunoassay; Inflammation; Inflammatory response; Inhibition; Interferon; Interleukin 13; Interleukin 4; Leukocytes (mononuclear); Leukocytes, Mononuclear - drug effects; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - blood; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - drug therapy; Neurochemistry; Neurology; Neurosciences; Patients; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Short Communication; γ-Interferon; Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Plasma; Calpain; Cytokines; Chemokines
• ISSN: 0364-3190; 1573-6903
• DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2655-z

The cytokine/chemokine expression signature of a 60-year-old African American male with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) was analyzed using patient blood samples obtained from two separate visits to the clinic. Thirty-six different cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were detected in the plasma of the RRMS patient using a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. Results indicated that at least ten of these factors with a concentration of > 100 pg/mL are identified as pro-inflammatory. Calpain inhibition led to an anti-inflammatory effect, as indicated by a decrease in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines such as GM-CSF, IFNγ, and IL-17A, and a relative increase in two of the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-13 and IL-4) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated with anti-CD3/CD28. Overall, these results suggest that the unique cytokine/chemokine pattern observed in the plasma of the RRMS patient can be used as a prognostic marker and calpain inhibition may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating excessive inflammatory response specific to RRMS patients.