Breathing Rhythm Variations during Wash-In Do Not Influence Exhaled Volatile Organic Compound Profile Analyzed by an Electronic Nose

E-noses are innovative tools used for exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis, which have shown their potential in several diseases. Before obtaining a full validation of these instruments in clinical settings, a number of methodological issues still have to be established. We aimed to asse...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 9; p. 2695
Main Authors Dragonieri, Silvano, Quaranta, Vitaliano Nicola, Carratù, Pierluigi, Ranieri, Teresa, Buonamico, Enrico, Carpagnano, Giovanna Elisiana
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 04.05.2021
MDPI
Subjects
breath analysis
breathing rhythm
Communication
Discriminant analysis
e-nose
electronic nose
Exercise
Investigations
Metabolism
Principal components analysis
Rhythm
Sample size
Sensors
Software
Systemic diseases
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
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Summary:E-noses are innovative tools used for exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis, which have shown their potential in several diseases. Before obtaining a full validation of these instruments in clinical settings, a number of methodological issues still have to be established. We aimed to assess whether variations in breathing rhythm during wash-in with VOC-filtered air before exhaled air collection reflect changes in the exhaled VOC profile when analyzed by an e-nose (Cyranose 320). We enrolled 20 normal subjects and randomly collected their exhaled breath at three different breathing rhythms during wash-in: (a) normal rhythm (respiratory rate (RR) between 12 and 18/min), (b) fast rhythm (RR > 25/min) and (c) slow rhythm (RR < 10/min). Exhaled breath was collected by a previously validated method (Dragonieri et al., J. Bras. Pneumol. 2016) and analyzed by the e-nose. Using principal component analysis (PCA), no significant variations in the exhaled VOC profile were shown among the three breathing rhythms. Subsequent linear discriminant analysis (LDA) confirmed the above findings, with a cross-validated accuracy of 45% (p = ns). We concluded that the exhaled VOC profile, analyzed by an e-nose, is not influenced by variations in breathing rhythm during wash-in.
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ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules26092695