Hearing Loss and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

• Published in: Frontiers in aging neuroscience Vol. 13; p. 695117
• Main Authors: Liang, Zheng, Li, Ao, Xu, Yuanyuan, Qian, Xiaoyun, Gao, Xia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Lausanne Frontiers Research Foundation 08.07.2021; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Age; Alzheimer's disease; Bias; Cognitive ability; Cohort analysis; Dementia; Dementia disorders; Hearing loss; Meta-analysis; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroscience; Older people; Population; prospective cohort studies; Risk factors; United Kingdom > UK; United States > US
• ISSN: 1663-4365; 1663-4365
• DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.695117

Background: Consensus is lacking with regard to whether hearing loss is an independent risk factor for dementia. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the relationship of hearing loss and dementia. Methods: Prospective cohort studies investigating the association between hearing loss and the incidence of dementia in a community-derived population were included by searching electronic databases that included PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane's Library. A random-effects model was adopted to combine the results. Results: Fourteen cohorts including 726,900 participants were analyzed. It was shown that hearing loss was independently associated with dementia [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37 to 1.86, p < 0.001; I 2 = 86%]. Sensitivity analysis sequentially excluding any of the individual studies included showed similar results. Subgroup analysis according to the diagnostic methods for hearing loss, validation strategy for dementia, follow-up duration, and adjustment of apolipoprotein E genotype also showed consistent results ( p -values for subgroup differences all > 0.05). Meta-analysis with five studies showed that hearing loss was also connected to higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (adjusted HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.79, p = 0.003; I 2 = 2%). Conclusions: Hearing loss may increase the risk of dementia in the adult population. Whether effective treatment for hearing loss could reduce the incidence of dementia should be explored in the future.