Effective Application of Bicelles for Conformational Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry

• Published in: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry Vol. 26; no. 5; pp. 808 - 817
• Main Authors: Duc, Nguyen Minh, Du, Yang, Thorsen, Thor S., Lee, Su Youn, Zhang, Cheng, Kato, Hideaki, Kobilka, Brian K., Chung, Ka Young
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Boston Springer US 01.05.2015; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Analytical Chemistry; Binding sites; Bioinformatics; Biotechnology; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Conformational analysis; Detergents; Detergents - chemistry; Deuterium; Deuterium Exchange Measurement; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Kinetics; Lipid Bilayers - chemistry; Lipid Bilayers - metabolism; Maltose - analogs & derivatives; Maltose - chemistry; Mass spectrometry; Micelles; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Organic Chemistry; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Proteins; Proteomics; Receptor, PAR-1 - chemistry; Receptor, PAR-1 - genetics; Receptor, PAR-1 - metabolism; Receptors; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 - chemistry; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 - genetics; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 - metabolism; Receptors, Opioid, mu - chemistry; Receptors, Opioid, mu - genetics; Receptors, Opioid, mu - metabolism; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - chemistry; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism; Research Article; Scientific imaging; Solubility; Solubilization; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy; GPCR; Bicelles; Detergent; HDX-MS; Conformation; EX1
• ISSN: 1044-0305; 1879-1123
• DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1083-4

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have important roles in physiology and pathology, and 40% of drugs currently on the market target GPCRs for the treatment of various diseases. Because of their therapeutic importance, the structural mechanism of GPCR signaling is of great interest in the field of drug discovery. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a useful tool for analyzing ligand binding sites, the protein–protein interaction interface, and conformational changes of proteins. However, its application to GPCRs has been limited for various reasons, including the hydrophobic nature of GPCRs and the use of detergents in their preparation. In the present study, we tested the application of bicelles as a means of solubilizing GPCRs for HDX-MS studies. GPCRs (e.g., β 2 -adrenergic receptor [β 2 AR], μ-opioid receptor, and protease-activated receptor 1) solubilized in bicelles produced better sequence coverage (greater than 90%) than GPCRs solubilized in n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM), suggesting that bicelles are a more effective method of solubilization for HDX-MS studies. The HDX-MS profile of β 2 AR in bicelles showed that transmembrane domains (TMs) undergo lower deuterium uptake than intracellular or extracellular regions, which is consistent with the fact that the TMs are highly ordered and embedded in bicelles. The overall HDX-MS profiles of β 2 AR solubilized in bicelles and in DDM were similar except for intracellular loop 3. Interestingly, we detected EX1 kinetics, an important phenomenon in protein dynamics, at the C-terminus of TM6 in β 2 AR. In conclusion, we suggest the application of bicelles as a useful method for solubilizing GPCRs for conformational analysis by HDX-MS. Graphical Abstract ᅟ