Low muscle mass in older adults and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Experimental gerontology Vol. 152; p. 111461
• Main Authors: de Santana, Felipe M., Premaor, Melissa O., Tanigava, Nicolas Y., Pereira, Rosa M.R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Inc 01.09.2021
• Subjects: Aged; All-cause mortality; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Humans; Independent Living; Low muscle mass; Meta-analysis; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal - pathology; Sarcopenia; Sarcopenia - pathology; Sarcopenia; Low muscle mass; All-cause mortality; Meta-analysis
• ISSN: 0531-5565; 1873-6815; 1873-6815
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111461

Sarcopenia comprises a loss of muscle function and muscle mass. So far, the association between the later and mortality in older adults is inconsistent. A meta-analysis was performed to assess whether muscle mass measured by appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) is associated with higher mortality in older adults. Articles of interest were searched for in two databases (PudMed® and Embase®). Cohort and case-control studies reporting ASMI and mortality and enrolling community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or more were included. Nine articles were eligible and included for analysis (n = 10,028). All but one study were considered of high quality by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment. We calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) for ASMI between dead and living individuals during follow-up across studies. A reduced pooled ASMI in individuals who died as compared to those who survived (ASMI SMD = −0.18, CI95% −0.23 to −0.12, REM) was found. A meta-regression was performed including ASMI SMD, grip strength SMD, body mass index (BMI), sex, study quality, method used to assess ASMI, site of study and age. BMI and ethnicity were found to significantly impact the difference in ASMI between dead and living individuals. These results reinforce the prognostic importance of assessing muscle mass in older adults. •Sarcopenia consists of a decrease in muscle mass and function and is associated with higher mortality in older adults•Individual studies have shown low muscle function (LMF) but not low muscle mass (LMM) to be predictive of higher mortality•Pooling results from individuals studies on LMM uncovered an association between LMM and higher mortality on older adults•Association between LMM and mortality in older adults may vary according to clinical factors such as BMI and ethnicity