Explosive type of moderate-resistance training induces functional, cardiovascular, and molecular adaptations in the elderly

• Published in: AGE Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 759 - 772
• Main Authors: Beltran Valls, Maria Reyes, Dimauro, Ivan, Brunelli, Andrea, Tranchita, Eliana, Ciminelli, Emanuela, Caserotti, Paolo, Duranti, Guglielmo, Sabatini, Stefania, Parisi, Paolo, Parisi, Attilio, Caporossi, Daniela
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.04.2014; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Activities of Daily Living; Adaptation; Adaptation, Physiological - physiology; Age; Aged; Aging; Aging - physiology; Antioxidants; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Blotting, Western; Body mass index; Cardiac stress tests; Cell Biology; Chronic illnesses; Cytokines; Cytokines - blood; Disease; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Exercise; Exercise - physiology; Exercise Test; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Geriatrics/Gerontology; Gerontology; Heat shock proteins; Hemodynamics; Hemodynamics - physiology; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins - blood; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - blood; Humans; Life Sciences; Male; Medical research; Medical screening; Molecular Medicine; Muscle strength; Muscle Strength - physiology; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Muscular system; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain - blood; Older people; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - physiology; Peptide Fragments - blood; Peroxidase - blood; Physical fitness; Questionnaires; Reference Values; Resistance Training - methods; Sarcopenia; Sports training; Statistical analysis; Strength training; Studies; Thioredoxin Reductase 1 - blood; Walking - physiology; Weightlifting; Hemodynamic parameters; Thioredoxin system; Strength training; Elderly; HSPs
• ISSN: 0161-9152; 2509-2715; 1574-4647; 1574-4647; 2509-2723
• DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9584-1

Current recommendations aimed at reducing neuromuscular and functional loss in aged muscle have identified muscle power as a key target for intervention trials, although little is known about the biological and cardiovascular systemic response in the elderly. This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of low-frequency, moderate-intensity, explosive-type resistance training (EMRT) on muscle strength and power in old community-dwelling people (70–75 years), monitoring functional performance linked to daily living activities (ADL) and cardiovascular response, as well as biomarkers of muscle damage, cardiovascular risk, and cellular stress response. The present study provides the first evidence that EMRT was highly effective in achieving a significant enhancement in muscular strength and power as well as in functional performance without causing any detrimental modification in cardiovascular, inflammatory, and damage parameters. Moreover, trained elderly subjects showed an adaptive response at both systemic and cellular levels by modulation of antioxidant and stress-induced markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and 27 (Hsp27), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1).