Channel catfish reovirus (CRV) inhibits replication of channel catfish herpesvirus (CCV) by two distinct mechanisms : viral interference and induction of an anti-viral factor

• Published in: Diseases of aquatic organisms Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 77 - 85
• Main Authors: CHINCHAR, V. G, LOGUE, O, ANTAO, A, CHINCHAR, G. D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oldendorf Inter-Research 19.06.1998
• Subjects: Analysis of the immune response. Humoral and cellular immunity; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Cell Line; Channel catfish herpesvirus; Channel catfish reovirus; Female; Fish Diseases - immunology; Fish Diseases - virology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fundamental immunology; Herpesviridae - immunology; Herpesviridae - physiology; Ictaluridae - immunology; Ictaluridae - virology; Immunobiology; Interferons - biosynthesis; Interferons - immunology; Lymphoid Tissue - cytology; Lymphoid Tissue - immunology; Lymphoid Tissue - virology; Macrophages - cytology; Macrophages - immunology; Macrophages - virology; Microbiology; Miscellaneous; Ovary - cytology; Ovary - immunology; Ovary - virology; Regulatory factors and their cellular receptors; Reoviridae - immunology; Reoviridae - physiology; Reoviridae - radiation effects; Replicative cycle, interference, host-virus relations, pathogenicity, miscellaneous strains; T-Lymphocytes - cytology; T-Lymphocytes - immunology; T-Lymphocytes - virology; Ultraviolet Rays; Viral Interference; Virology; Virus Replication - immunology; Lymphoid cell; Mixed infection; Herpesviridae; Cytokine; Interference; Channel Catfish virus; In vitro; Reoviridae; Mechanism; Marine environment; Virus; Vertebrata; Cell line; Pisces; T-Lymphocyte; Anarhichas lupus; Antiviral; Non specific immunity; Interferon; Veterinary; Aquareovirus; Macrophage
• ISSN: 0177-5103; 1616-1580
• DOI: 10.3354/dao033077

Catfish reovirus (CRV), a double stranded RNA virus, inhibited channel catfish herpes-virus (CCV) replication by 2 different mechanisms: (1) directly as a consequence of its own replication, and (2) indirectly due to the induction of an anti-viral factor. In the former, prior infection with CRV significantly reduced subsequent CCV protein synthesis and virus yield. CRV mediated-interference was greatest when CRV infection preceded CCV infection by 16 h, and was least when cell cultures were simultaneously infected with both viruses. in the latter case, the infection of channel catfish ovary (CCO) cultures with UV-inactivated CRV resulted in the synthesis (or release) of an anti-viral factor. Cells producing the factor were protected from CCV infection, as were cells which had been treated with spent culture medium containing anti-viral activity. Interestingly an anti-viral activity was constitutively present in long-term cultures of catfish T-cells and macrophages. Whether this factor and the one induced by UV-inactivated CRV are identical is not known, but analogy to mammalian systems suggests that the former may be similar to type II interferon, whereas the latter may be the piscine equivalent of type I interferon. These results suggest that UV-inactivated CRV may prove useful in the induction and characterization of interferon-like anti-viral proteins in the channel catfish and that long-term cultures of catfish T-cells and monocytes may serve as a ready source of additional anti-viral factors.