Automatic screening of tear meniscus from lacrimal duct obstructions using anterior segment optical coherence tomography images by deep learning

• Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Vol. 259; no. 6; pp. 1569 - 1577
• Main Authors: Imamura, Hitoshi, Tabuchi, Hitoshi, Nagasato, Daisuke, Masumoto, Hiroki, Baba, Hiroaki, Furukawa, Hiroki, Maruoka, Sachiko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Science and Business Media LLC 01.06.2021; Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Cornea; Deep Learning; Female; Humans; Knee; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Meniscus; Ophthalmology; Tears; Tomography; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Deep learning; Tear meniscus; Anterior segment optical coherence tomography image; Lacrimal duct obstruction; Area under the curve
• ISSN: 0721-832X; 1435-702X; 1435-702X
• DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05078-3

Purpose We assessed the ability of deep learning (DL) models to distinguish between tear meniscus of lacrimal duct obstruction (LDO) patients and normal subjects using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) images. Methods The study included 117 ASOCT images (19 men and 98 women; mean age, 66.6 ± 13.6 years) from 101 LDO patients and 113 ASOCT images (29 men and 84 women; mean age, 38.3 ± 19.9 years) from 71 normal subjects. We trained to construct 9 single and 502 ensemble DL models with 9 different network structures, and calculated the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity to compare the distinguishing abilities of these single and ensemble DL models. Results For the highest single DL model (DenseNet169), the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for distinguishing LDO were 0.778, 64.6%, and 72.1%, respectively. For the highest ensemble DL model (VGG16, ResNet50, DenseNet121, DenseNet169, InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, and Xception), the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for distinguishing LDO were 0.824, 84.8%, and 58.8%, respectively. The heat maps indicated that these DL models placed their focus on the tear meniscus region of the ASOCT images. Conclusion The combination of DL and ASOCT images could distinguish between tear meniscus of LDO patients and normal subjects with a high level of accuracy. These results suggest that DL might be useful for automatic screening of patients for LDO.