The Timing of Teenage Births: Estimating the Effect on High School Graduation and Later-Life Outcomes

• Published in: Demography Vol. 56; no. 1; pp. 345 - 365
• Main Authors: Schulkind, Lisa, Sandier, Danielle H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Population Association of America (Springer) 01.02.2019; Springer US; Duke University Press, NC & IL
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adolescent mothers; Adult; Birth; Birth intervals; Birth order; Births; Childbirth & labor; Children; Demography; Disruption; Education; Educational attainment; Educational Status; Employment - statistics & numerical data; Family structure; Female; Geography; Households; Humans; Labor market; Longitudinal Studies; Marriage; Medicine/Public Health; Population Economics; Poverty; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Salaries and Fringe Benefits - statistics & numerical data; Schools; Secondary schools; Social Sciences; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND MOBILITY; Sociology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Teenage parents; Teenagers; Time Factors; Timing; Wages & salaries; Young Adult; Teenage childbearing; Signaling value; Education; Family structure
• ISSN: 0070-3370; 1533-7790
• DOI: 10.1007/s13524-018-0748-6

We examine the long-term outcomes for a population of teenage mothers who give birth to their children around the end of high school. We compare the mothers whose high school education was interrupted by childbirth (because the child was born before her expected graduation date) with mothers who did not experience the same disruption to their education. We find that mothers who gave birth during the school year are 5.4 percentage points less likely to complete their high school education, are less likely to be married, and have more children than their counterparts who gave birth just a few months later. The wages for these two sets of teenage mothers are not statistically different, but with a lower likelihood of marriage and more children, the households of the treated mothers are more likely to fall below the poverty threshold. Although differences in educational attainment have narrowed over time, the differences in labor market outcomes and family structure have remained stable.