Antibiotic resistance increases with local temperature

• Published in: Nature climate change Vol. 8; no. 6; pp. 510 - 514
• Main Authors: MacFadden, Derek R., McGough, Sarah F., Fisman, David, Santillana, Mauricio, Brownstein, John S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.06.2018; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/158/855; 704/106/694/2739/2807; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial resistance; Bacteria; Climate; Climate and population; Climate Change; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; Disease resistance; Drug resistance; E coli; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecological monitoring; Ecological studies; Environment; Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice; Klebsiella; Letter; Morbidity; Pathogens; Population density; Temperature; Temperature effects
• ISSN: 1758-678X; 1758-6798
• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-018-0161-6

Bacteria that cause infections in humans can develop or acquire resistance to antibiotics commonly used against them 1 , 2 . Antimicrobial resistance (in bacteria and other microbes) causes significant morbidity worldwide, and some estimates indicate the attributable mortality could reach up to 10 million by 2050 2 – 4 . Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is believed to develop largely under the selective pressure of antibiotic use; however, other factors may contribute to population level increases in antibiotic resistance 1 , 2 . We explored the role of climate (temperature) and additional factors on the distribution of antibiotic resistance across the United States, and here we show that increasing local temperature as well as population density are associated with increasing antibiotic resistance (percent resistant) in common pathogens. We found that an increase in temperature of 10 °C across regions was associated with an increases in antibiotic resistance of 4.2%, 2.2%, and 2.7% for the common pathogens Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus . The associations between temperature and antibiotic resistance in this ecological study are consistent across most classes of antibiotics and pathogens and may be strengthening over time. These findings suggest that current forecasts of the burden of antibiotic resistance could be significant underestimates in the face of a growing population and climate change 4 . Based on an analysis of the distribution of antibiotic resistance across the United States, research shows that increasing local temperatures as well as population density across regions are associated with increasing antibiotic resistance in common bacterial pathogens.