Estimation of Radionuclide Concentrations and Average Annual Committed Effective Dose due to Ingestion for the Population in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

• Published in: Environmental management (New York) Vol. 63; no. 4; pp. 444 - 454
• Main Authors: Van, Tran Thi, Bat, Luu Tam, Nhan, Dang Duc, Quang, Nguyen Hao, Cam, Bui Duy, Hung, Luu Viet
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.04.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Cesium isotopes; Cesium radioisotopes; Chains; Earth and Environmental Science; Eating; Ecology; Environment; Environmental Management; Food; Food chains; Food Contamination, Radioactive; Forestry Management; Humans; Ingestion; Mollusks; Nature Conservation; Nuclides; Polonium; Radiation effects; Radioactivity; Radioisotopes; Rice; Rivers; Scintillation counters; Shellfish; Spectrometry; Strontium; Strontium 90; Strontium radioisotopes; Tofu; Vietnam; Waste Water Technology; Water analysis; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Vietnam; Red River; Potassium-40; Vietnam; Annual committed effective dose; Red River Delta; U radioactive chain; Polonium-210; Th and; 232Th and 238U radioactive chain
• ISSN: 0364-152X; 1432-1009
• DOI: 10.1007/s00267-018-1007-8

Radioactivity concentrations of nuclides of the 232 Th and 238 U radioactive chains and 40 K, 90 Sr, 137 Cs, and 239+240 Pu were surveyed for raw and cooked food of the population in the Red River delta region, Vietnam, using α-, γ-spectrometry, and liquid scintillation counting techniques. The concentration of 40 K in the cooked food was the highest compared to those of other radionuclides ranging from (23 ± 5) (rice) to (347 ± 50) Bq kg −1 dw (tofu). The 210 Po concentration in the cooked food ranged from its limit of detection (LOD) of 5 mBq kg −1  dw (rice) to (4.0 ± 1.6) Bq kg −1  dw (marine bivalves). The concentrations of other nuclides of the 232 Th and 238 U chains in the food were low, ranging from LOD of 0.02 Bq kg −1  dw to (1.1 ± 0.3) Bq kg −1  dw. The activity concentrations of 90 Sr, 137 Cs, and 239+240 Pu in the food were minor compared to that of the natural radionuclides. The average annual committed effective dose to adults in the study region was estimated and it ranged from 0.24 to 0.42 mSv a −1 with an average of 0.32 mSv a −1 , out of which rice, leafy vegetable, and tofu contributed up to 16.2%, 24.4%, and 21.3%, respectively. The committed effective doses to adults due to ingestion of regular diet in the Red River delta region, Vietnam are within the range determined in other countries worldwide. This finding suggests that Vietnamese food is safe for human consumption with respect to radiation exposure.