Cardiopulmonary Sleep Spectrograms Open a Novel Window Into Sleep Biology—Implications for Health and Disease

The interactions of heart rate variability and respiratory rate and tidal volume fluctuations provide key information about normal and abnormal sleep. A set of metrics can be computed by analysis of coupling and coherence of these signals, cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC). There are several forms of C...

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Published inFrontiers in neuroscience Vol. 15; p. 755464
Main Authors Al Ashry, Haitham S., Ni, Yuenan, Thomas, Robert J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Lausanne Frontiers Research Foundation 12.11.2021
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects
Apnea
Benzodiazepines
Blood pressure
cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC)
Coronary artery disease
EKG
Electrocardiography
Electroencephalography
Eye movements
Heart diseases
Heart rate
heart rate variability
Hypertension
Insomnia
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Neuroscience
Phenotypes
Respiration
Risk factors
Sinuses
Sleep apnea
Sleep disorders
stable sleep
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Summary:The interactions of heart rate variability and respiratory rate and tidal volume fluctuations provide key information about normal and abnormal sleep. A set of metrics can be computed by analysis of coupling and coherence of these signals, cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC). There are several forms of CPC, which may provide information about normal sleep physiology, and pathological sleep states ranging from insomnia to sleep apnea and hypertension. As CPC may be computed from reduced or limited signals such as the electrocardiogram or photoplethysmogram (PPG) vs. full polysomnography, wide application including in wearable and non-contact devices is possible. When computed from PPG, which may be acquired from oximetry alone, an automated apnea hypopnea index derived from CPC-oximetry can be calculated. Sleep profiling using CPC demonstrates the impact of stable and unstable sleep on insomnia (exaggerated variability), hypertension (unstable sleep as risk factor), improved glucose handling (associated with stable sleep), drug effects (benzodiazepines increase sleep stability), sleep apnea phenotypes (obstructive vs. central sleep apnea), sleep fragmentations due to psychiatric disorders (increased unstable sleep in depression).
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This article was submitted to Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience
Edited by: David Gozal, University of Missouri, United States
Reviewed by: Danny Joel Eckert, Flinders University, Australia; Boris Heifets, Stanford University, United States
ISSN:1662-453X
1662-4548
1662-453X
DOI:10.3389/fnins.2021.755464