Contact and fumigant toxicity of Pinus densiflora needle hydrodistillate constituents and related compounds and efficacy of spray formulations containing the oil to Dermatophagoides farinae

• Published in: Pest management science Vol. 69; no. 6; pp. 696 - 702
• Main Authors: Lee, Ju‐Hee, Kim, Jun‐Ran, Koh, Young Ryull, Ahn, Young‐Joon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.06.2013; Wiley; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Acaricides - chemistry; Acaricides - isolation & purification; Acaricides - toxicity; adults; alpha-terpineol; Animals; benzyl benzoate; biocides; Biological and medical sciences; bornyl acetate; botanical acaricide; camphor; Chemical compounds; citral; containers; Control; deet; Dermatophagoides; Dermatophagoides farinae; Dermatophagoides farinae - drug effects; dibutyl phthalate; Female; fumigants; Fumigation; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Insects; lethal concentration 50; Lethal Dose 50; linalool; Male; menthol; mites; mortality; natural fumigant; permethrin; Pest control; Pest Control, Biological - methods; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection; Pinus - chemistry; Pinus densiflora; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification; Plant Extracts - toxicity; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Plant Oils - chemistry; Plant Oils - isolation & purification; Plant Oils - toxicity; Protozoa. Invertebrates; red pine needle hydrodistillate; thymol; Toxicity; vapors; Conifer needle; Pinus densiflora; Toxicity; Dermatophagoides farinae; Spraying; Pesticides; Acaridida; Fumigant; Plant leaf; natural fumigant; red pine needle hydrodistillate; botanical acaricide; Acariformes; Arachnida; Acaricide; Acari; Arthropoda; Softwood forest tree; Gymnospermae; Pyroglyphidae; Coniferales; Spermatophyta; Invertebrata; Botanical pesticide
• ISSN: 1526-498X; 1526-4998
• DOI: 10.1002/ps.3421

BACKGROUND: The toxicity of red pine needle hydrodistillate (RPN‐HD), 19 RPN‐HD constituents and another 12 structurally related compounds and the control efficacy of four experimental spray formulations containing RPN‐HD (0.5. 1, 2 and 3% sprays) to adult Dermatophagoides farinae were evaluated. RESULTS: RPN‐HD (24 h LC₅₀, 68.33 µg cm⁻²) was toxic to mites. Menthol was the most toxic compound (12.69 µg cm⁻²), and the toxicity of this compound and benzyl benzoate did not differ significantly. High toxicity was also produced by α‐terpineol, bornyl acetate, geranyl acetate, thymol, linalyl acetate, terpinyl acetate, citral, linalool and camphor (18.79–36.51 µg cm⁻²). These compounds were more toxic than either deet or dibutyl phthalate. In vapour‐phase mortality tests, these compounds were consistently more toxic in closed versus open containers, indicating that their mode of delivery was largely a result of vapour action. RPN‐HD 3% experimental spray provided 95% mortality against adult D. farinae, whereas permethrin (cis:trans, 25:75) 2.5 g L⁻¹ spray treatment resulted in 0% mortality. CONCLUSION: In the light of global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic acaricides in indoor environments, RPN‐HD and the compounds described merit further study as potential biocides for the control of Dermatophagoides populations as fumigants with contact action. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry