The Significance of Phenotyping and Quantification of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Levels Using High-Sensitivity Flow Cytometry during COVID-19 Treatment

• Published in: Viruses Vol. 13; no. 5; p. 767
• Main Authors: Kudryavtsev, Igor, Kalinina, Olga, Bezrukikh, Vadim, Melnik, Olesya, Golovkin, Alexey
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 27.04.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Brief Report; CD14 antigen; CD147 antigen; CD19 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD63 antigen; CD8 antigen; Centrifugation; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Cytokines; Disease transmission; Enzymes; exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Flow cytometry; high-sensitivity flow cytometry; Infections; Medical research; Monoclonal antibodies; Pathogenesis; Patients; Phenotyping; phenotyping extracellular vesicles; Plasma; plasma extracellular vesicles; Plasma levels; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Software; Viral infections; Viruses; United States > US; West Sacramento California; Russia; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; high-sensitivity flow cytometry; phenotyping extracellular vesicles; exosomes; plasma extracellular vesicles
• ISSN: 1999-4915; 1999-4915
• DOI: 10.3390/v13050767

New investigation results point to the potential participation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection, its progression, and mechanisms of the therapy effectiveness. This dictates the necessity to transfer scientific testing technologies to medical practice. Here, we demonstrated the method of phenotyping and quantitative analysis of plasma EVs based on differential centrifugation, immunostaining, and high-sensitivity multicolor flow cytometry. We used EV markers that were potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 dissemination via vesicles and cell-origination markers, characterizing objects from different cell types that could influence clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Plasma levels of CD235a+ and CD14+ EVs in patients with moderate infection were significantly increased while CD8+ and CD19+ EVs were decreased comparing with HD. Patients with severe infection had lower levels of CD4+, CD19+, and CD146+ EVs than HD. These findings demonstrate that EV concentrations in COVID-19 are severity related. Moreover, the three-point dynamic assessment demonstrated significant loss of CD63+ and CD147+ plasma EVs. The used method can be a convenient tool for vital infection pathogenesis investigation and for COVID-19 diagnostics.