ConLBS: An Attack Investigation Approach Using Contrastive Learning with Behavior Sequence

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 24; p. 9881
• Main Authors: Li, Jiawei, Zhang, Ru, Liu, Jianyi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 17.12.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Analysis; attack investigation; audit logs; Audits; Behavior; behavior sequence; Computational linguistics; contrastive learning; Datasets; Deep learning; Graphs; Investigations; Language processing; Methods; Natural language interfaces; Provenance; Semantics; behavior sequence; contrastive learning; audit logs; attack investigation
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s23249881

Attack investigation is an important research field in forensics analysis. Many existing supervised attack investigation methods rely on well-labeled data for effective training. While the unsupervised approach based on BERT can mitigate the issues, the high degree of similarity between certain real-world attacks and normal behaviors makes it challenging to accurately identify disguised attacks. This paper proposes ConLBS, an attack investigation approach that combines the contrastive learning framework and multi-layer transformer network to realize the classification of behavior sequences. Specifically, ConLBS constructs behavior sequences describing behavior patterns from audit logs, and a novel lemmatization strategy is proposed to map the semantics to the attack pattern layer. Four different augmentation strategies are explored to enhance the differentiation between attack and normal behavior sequences. Moreover, ConLBS can perform unsupervised representation learning on unlabeled sequences, and can be trained either supervised or unsupervised depending on the availability of labeled data. The performance of ConLBS is evaluated in two public datasets. The results show that ConLBS can effectively identify attack behavior sequences in the cases of unlabeled data or less labeled data to realize attack investigation, and can achieve superior effectiveness compared to existing methods and models.